General principles of the synthesis of chalcogenides and pnictides in salt melts using a steady-state temperature gradient

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The possibilities of growing crystals of metals, alloys, chalcogenides, and pnictides in halide melts using a steady-state temperature gradient are analyzed. Halides of alkali metals and aluminum can be used as transport media. The choice is determined by the melting temperature of salt mixtures. A conducting contour can also be applied to increase transport efficiency. This technique of crystal growth is similar to the electrochemical method. To eliminate interference during migration, some elements can be isolated and forced to migrate through independent channels to the crystal formation region. The technique considered here makes it possible to grow crystals of necessary quality without special equipment; the small crystal sizes are sufficient for laboratory study.