卷 38, 编号 3 (2016)

Defined are prospects of using ozone-hydroxyl aerosol blends for treating water by complex effects of electro-plasma charges and UV radiation of water volume under the layer of the air component given the pulse nature of regulating the electric field in the practice of conducting deactivation of impurities of the proposed unit. The use of the given technique of water treatment makes it possible to raise the efficiency of its purification of micromycetes and hardly oxidized organic and mineral pollutants without preliminary use of chemical reagents.

Sorbents representing the layered double hydroxides of composition [Mg₄Fe₂(OH)₁₂] • CO₃ •nH₂O, [Zn₄Al₂(OH)₁₂] • CO₃ • nH₂O, and also the products of their thermal treatment at 400°C intended for the aquatic media treatment from U(VI) have been investigated. It is shown that the high sorption capacity of these sorbents makes it possible to recommend them for the effective removal of U(VI) from waters having different mineral composition.

The paper gives results of experimental research of changes of the dimensional spectrum of gigantic heterophase clusters of water with various content of deuterium under the effect of magnetic field. It is found that th magnetic field effect (0.6 T) results in an increase of arithmetic mean diameter of clusters for light, deionized and heavy water respectively by 21, 15 and 10%. One may observe the relationship between the content of clusters and the value and time of action of the magnetic field. Ultra sound effect (44 kHz), on the contrary is conducive to a decrease of the arithmetic mean diameter of clusters of specified waters respectively by 16; 11 and 8%.

In order to study the influence of impurities content on the water structure, Raman spectra and degrees of depolarization of different living water are measured by Raman spectroscopy, the relationship between the depolarization ratio and the impurity content in drinking water was obtained by the utilisation of computer deconvolution for the stretching vibration peak. The results showed that the intensity of different bending vibration is almost the same, and the intensity of the stretching vibration reflects different content of impurities in water. Depolarization calculation of water molecules showed that the stretching vibration is stronger than the bending vibration. The interaction of impurity ions and water molecules enhances the vibration rate of water molecules, making the symmetry of stretching vibration reduced, and leading to increased depolarization ratio. Therefore, the impurities content can be determined from the relative intensity of Raman characteristic peaks and the degrees of depolarization.

Modification of membranes by pyrocarbon was carried out by carbonization of polyisocyanate, celluloacetate and Na-salt of carboxylmethyl cellulose at 750°C. The water was purified of dyes by the pressure-driven method under pressure from 0.1 to 1.1 MPa. The retention coefficient and specific capacity of modified membranes for direct scarlet vary respectively from 37 to 99.99% and from 1.8 to 36 dm³/(m² • h). For membranes with carbonized cellulose ethers the retention rate for brilliant green vary from 19 to 78.5% and the specific capacity depending on pressure and filtration time varies from 8.1 dm³/(m² • h) to ~ 1 m³/(m² • h).

Hermia’s models for cross flow filtration were used to investigate the fouling mechanisms of mullite-alumina ceramic membranes in treatment of oily wastewaters in a hybrid microfiltration-powdered activated carbon process (MF-PAC). Results show that cake filtration model can be applied for prediction of permeation flux decline for MF and MF-PAC process up to 400 ppm PAC. The complete pore blocking model and the intermediate pore blocking model can predict permeation flux decline with time for MF-PAC with 800 and 1200 ppm PAC respectively. Average error for prediction of permeation flux with cake filtration model is 2.19% for MF process and 2.16, 2.06 and 1.31% for MF-PAC process with 100, 200 and 400 ppm PAC respectively. Also for MF-PAC process with 800 and 1200 ppm PAC, average error for prediction of permeation flux with complete pore blocking model and intermediate pore blocking model was 6.11 and 6% respectively.

The paper has investigated the influence of NaOCl on the cells of Candida albicas with the aim of finding viable noncultural state and also conditions of their rehabilitation. Microscopic research of the cells Candida albicans has been given in the indicated state colored with trypan blue.