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Том 123, № 3 (2018)

Articles

Risk Management of NPP Incidents

Adamenkov A., Sal’nikov A., Veselova I., Ryasnyi S.

Аннотация

A diagnostic model for managing the risk of NPP incidents attending different irregularities of equipment operation is examined for the example of the oil delivery system of the main circulation pump. The model includes the construction of a graph of the operation of the oil system and ranking in order to obtain indices of priority for monitoring information flow that reflect the actuation probability of each form of protection. The results of the analysis can used as input data for predicting the duration of a stable state of a technological system in the course of operation on the basis of stochastic extrapolation of the parameters by means of single-channel queuing systems with finite storage – technological protection and blocking.

Atomic Energy. 2018;123(3):147-153
pages 147-153 views

Article

Heat-and-Mass Transfer Intensification in Saturated-Steam Generators in NPP with VVER as a Means for Increasing Efficiency and Reliability

Agafonova N., Egorov M., Sergeev V., Gotovskii M., Kruglikov P., Lebedev M., Sudakov A., Fedorovich E., Fokin B.

Аннотация

The intensification of steam generation in combination with improvement of the temperature regime, specifically, with the elimination of temperature fluctuations of the loaded components of the apparatus (heat-exchange tubes, warming-medium headers) increases the steam-generation capacity and eliminates the factors causing damage to the structural elements of steam generators. The possibility of intensifying heat-and-mass transfer on the basis of the experience gained in operating steam generators in NPP with VVER (horizontal) and NPP in foreign countries (vertical) is examined. It is concluded on the basis of the analysis that it is expedient to develop a domestically produced apparatus of the vertical type, which will make possible well-founded production of steam generators for NPP with VVER in the future.

Atomic Energy. 2018;123(3):154-158
pages 154-158 views

Results of Tests of VVER-1000 Fuel Elements with High Fuel Burnup in the MIR Reactor for LOC Incident Conditions

Alekseev A., Goryachev A., Izhutov A., Dreganov O., Kireeva L., Kiseleva I., Shulimov V.

Аннотация

The main results of tests performed on VVER-1000 fuel elements with high burnup of fuel in a channel of the MIR channel reactor for LOC accident conditions are examined. The experimental setup contains one fuel element, which is arranged along the central axis. The aim of the tests is to determine the parameters of cladding depressurization. In the experiment, questions concerning fragmentation, axial displacement, and possible escape of fuel to outside the cladding were studied and the properties of the cladding material and fuel, which were subjected to the extreme parameters, were determined. The main parameters and the results of two experiments are presented. The conditions under which fuel-element depressurization occurred are determined.

Atomic Energy. 2018;123(3):159-166
pages 159-166 views

Effect of Microadding Amine Surfactant on Erosion-Corrosion Wear of Structural Steel in NPP

Kukushkin A., Omel’chuk V., Petrova T.

Аннотация

Corrosion processes, specifically, erosion-corrosion, are one of the causes of damage occurring in NPP equipment during operation. Measures are taken to prevent erosion-corrosion wear of thermal-power equipment and pipelines. One such measure is the development and adoption of water chemistry regimes that are capable of forming a protective fi lm on a metal surface. Octadecylamine is one such reagent. The results of laboratory tests and industrial experiments studying the effect of octadecylamine on the development of erosion-corrosion wear of NPP equipment are presented. The octadecylamine-hydrazine water chemistry regime at octadecylamine concentration 0.5 mg/dm3 reduces the rate of erosion-corrosion wear by about 15-fold. The positive effect of micro-additions of octadecylamine is confirmed by direct erosion-corrosion studies performed at the Kola NPP.

Atomic Energy. 2018;123(3):167-172
pages 167-172 views

Solubility of Uranium Hexafluoride in Liquid Metal Penta- and Hexafluorides

Ezhov V.

Аннотация

The existence of a linear dependence of the mutual solubility of the higher fluorides of group-V and –VI metals on the atomic number of the solvent metal was established. The solubility of uranium hexafluoride in liquid metal pentafluorides is shown to be a linear function of the parameter α/r 6 of the solvent.

Atomic Energy. 2018;123(3):173-176
pages 173-176 views

Leaching of Degraded Preservative Matrices, Based on Sodium Aluminophosphate Glasses, for High-Level Wastes

Mal’kovskii V., Yudintsev S., Mokhov A., Pervukhina A.

Аннотация

The chemical stability of vitrified high-level nuclear industry wastes in contact with water was studied experimentally in application to underground disposal of the wastes. The experiments were performed on samples of sodium aluminophosphate glass used in industrial solidification of wastes. Stable isotopes of strontium, cesium, uranium, and rare-earth elements as geochemical analogs of actinides were introduced into the glass to simulate radionuclides. It was observed that water vapor affects the degradation of the glass when vitrified wastes are placed in temporary repositories. It is shown that as a result of the degradation the rate of leaching of the glass in water increases significantly. In addition, a substantial portion of radionuclide simulators in colloidal form goes into the water medium.

Atomic Energy. 2018;123(3):177-182
pages 177-182 views

Complex Method of Non-Destructive Measurements of Plutonium Composition and Mass

Gorbunova A., Rogozhkin V., Smirnov D., Timoshin V.

Аннотация

A complex method of performing non-destructive measurements of the isotopic composition and mass of plutonium that does not require external data on 242Pu content is described. The method includes a set of measurements performed by means of γ-spectrometry, calorimetry, and neutron multiplicity. Determinations of the metrological characteristics showed that in terms of accuracy it greatly surpasses the existing analogues, approaching the coulometric and isotopic dilution methods. The method is recommended for use in the industrial production of mixed uranium-plutonium fuel.

Atomic Energy. 2018;123(3):183-189
pages 183-189 views

Optimal Distribution of Centrifuges over Stages in a Cascade for Separating Multicomponent Mixtures of Isotopes

Palkin V.

Аннотация

A method of calculating the optimal operating parameters of a centrifuge cascade for separating multicomponent mixtures of isotopes is developed. A computational scheme is proposed for calculating the parameters of a cascade and the distribution of the centrifuges over the stages with a prescribed total number of centrifuges in different variants of optimization. Calculations showing the particulars of optimization and the efficacy of the developed method are presented.

Atomic Energy. 2018;123(3):190-195
pages 190-195 views

Environmental Particulars of Different Methods of Power Generation

Grachev V., Plyamina O.

Аннотация

The environmental and economic efficiency of different energy sources – coal, gas, shale gas, oil, wind, sun, water, nuclei, and others – is examined. The environmental indices of different methods of power generation are presented, the contribution of different types of energy carriers to electricity production and their prospects are indicated, and the environmentally most acceptable energy sources for sustainable development are named. A comprehensive index of the environmental impact is proposed.

Atomic Energy. 2018;123(3):196-201
pages 196-201 views

Irradiation Dose of the Woody Tier of a Coniferous Forest Due to Accidental Emissions from NPP

Mikailova R., Spiridonov S.

Аннотация

An approach to the comparative assessment of the impact of accidental radioactive emissions on the biota and radioecological validation of nuclear fuel cycle objects is presented. It is shown that the dose loads on woody tier in a coniferous forest as a result of severe accidents in NPPs with PWR-890, BWR-1412, and EPR-1600 significantly exceed the limit recommended by the ICRP. The impact of the radiation factor can result in serious disturbances in forest ecosystems in the immediate vicinity of NPPs.

Atomic Energy. 2018;123(3):202-208
pages 202-208 views

Analysis of the Dynamics of the IBR-2M Pulsed Reactor with Statistically Optimal Automatic Regulator

Popov A., Sumkhuu D., Marachev A., Pepelyshev Y.
Atomic Energy. 2018;123(3):211-215
pages 211-215 views

Investigation of the Effect of Microwave Irradiation of Cement Slurries on the Strength of Cement Stone and Concrete

Didenko A., Dmitriev M., D’yakonov M., Guchkin A., Krasnokutskii R.
Atomic Energy. 2018;123(3):216-218
pages 216-218 views

Scientific and Technical Communications

Safety Analysis Based on Delayed and Prompt Neutrons

Kulikov G., Shmelev A., Kulikov E., Apse V.
Atomic Energy. 2018;123(3):209-210
pages 209-210 views

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