Том 43, № 3 (2017)
- Жылы: 2017
- Мақалалар: 10
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/1063-0740/issue/view/11516
Original Papers
Deep-sea sipunculans (Sipuncula) of the northwestern Pacific
Аннотация
Based on the available literature data, museum collections, and our own material, a review is presented on sipunculan species of the northwestern Pacific that occur at depths greater than 500 m. Brief morphological descriptions showing the main characters used in taxonomy and a key for the identification of deep-sea sipunculans of the northwestern Pacific to species level are proposed. The key includes 22 valid species representing 7 genera and 5 families of Sipuncula.
The prevalence of the fish pathogen Yersinia ruckeri among representatives of the marine flora and fauna of the Sea of Okhotsk
Аннотация
This study investigates the spreading of the Gram-negative bacterium Yersinia ruckeri, pathogenic for fish, among representatives of the marine flora and fauna of the Sea of Okhotsk. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed the presence of Y. ruckeri outer membrane antigens in 9 of the 29 samples obtained by washing the internal organs of fish, shellfish, crustaceans, and surfaces of algal thalli. Using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) containing a fluorescent label we detected LPS-binding proteins, which are a component of the innate immune system of invertebrates, in half of the samples studied. However, the simultaneous presence of Y. ruckeri and LPS-binding proteins was found only in brachiopods, scallops, and shrimps. It is assumed that this may be indicative of a particular response of the immune system of these animals to infection and/or manifestation of a toxic effect of Y. ruckeri.
The morphology and seasonal dynamics of the potentially toxic microalga Prorocentrum foraminosum Faust 1993 (Dinophyta) in Peter the Great Bay, the Sea of Japan
Аннотация
The morphology of the potentially toxic dinoflagellate Prorocentrum foraminosum was examined in detail using light and scanning electron microscopy for the first time for the seas of Russia. New morphological features of this species were found and documented. Long-term observations showed that P. foraminosum occurred regularly from April to November in the epiphytic assemblages of Peter the Great Bay. The highest cell abundance was recorded in June (1.5 × 103 cells/g macrophyte dry weight). This dinoflagellate was also found rarely at a low cell densities in coastal sands.
The ecological and parasitological characteristics of the golden redfish, Sebastes norvegicus (Ascanius, 1772) (Teleostei: Scorpaenidae) that inhabit the Arctic Ocean Seas
Аннотация
An ecological, faunistic, and zoogeographical analysis of the parasite fauna of the golden redfish Sebastes norvegicus (Ascanius, 1772) that inhabit the Barents, Norwegian, and Greenland seas, has been performed. The specifics of formation of the parasite fauna in this species have been studied.
Taxonomic differences and ecological conditionality of scale structure in three morphologically similar species of Far Eastern redfins of the genus Tribolodon (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)
Аннотация
Using the example of three morphologically similar species of the Far Eastern redfins of the genus Tribolodon, it has been shown that an analysis of scale structure allows species identification of not only adults, when they are not in their characteristic spawning dress, but also immature individuals. The most distinct interspecies differences of redfins have been found in the case of the combined use of three basic parameters of scales: lesser diameter, greater diameter, and number of radii. The differences between redfins in the shape and structure of their scales can be explained by the features of ecology of these species, e.g. the velocity of water flow in the breeding grounds and during overwintering in rivers.
New endemic deepwater charr morphs of the genus Salvelinus (Salmoniformes: Salmonidae) from Lake Kronotskoe, Kamchatka
Аннотация
Two previously unknown profundal dwelling charr morphs of the genus Salvelinus from Lake Kronotskoe are described in this article. According to their lifestyle peculiarities, these morphs were named the “bigmouth charr” and “smallmouth charr.” The former group is near-bottom benthivorous, while the latter one inhabits the water column and occupies the omnivorous niche. Bigmouth and smallmouth charrs are distinguished from the rest of the sympatric charr morphs by their smaller size, shorter snout, larger eyes, as well as by several craniological traits and lower parasite abundance. Spawning of both morphs takes place directly in the profundal zone and lasts from late October to February. Additional studies are required to determine the systematic status of the new morphs.
The primary production of Amursky Bay (Sea of Japan) in the summer of 2008
Аннотация
In July 2015, the assimilation number (An) of phytoplankton in Amursky Bay was measured using optical dissolved oxygen sensors (Rinko). The primary production (PP) in the photic layer of Amursky Bay was calculated based on the measured An and chlorophyll vertical profiles obtained during a hydrochemical survey on August 23−28, 2008. The total production in the bay at that period was 840 tC/day. During a phytoplankton bloom, the excess production of biomass leading to the hypoxia of the bottom water was estimated to be approximately (1.0−2.0) × 103 tC/day.
A comparative study of long-term pollution effects of marine waters on the blood biomarkers of two benthic fish species: the scorpion fish Scorpaena porcus (Linnaeus, 1758) and the round goby Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas, 1814) from the Black Sea
Аннотация
Blood antioxidant enzyme activities were studied in 2003 and 2012 in the scorpion fish Scorpaena porcus (Linnaeus, 1758) and the round goby Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas, 1814) caught in two Sevastopol bays with different pollution levels. The study revealed higher blood antioxidant enzyme activities in the fish caught in 2012 compared to 2003. Possible causes of these changes are discussed.
The molecular species of phospholipids of the cold-water soft coral Gersemia rubiformis (Ehrenberg, 1834) (Alcyonacea, Nephtheidae)
Аннотация
The chemical structures and contents of 68 molecular species of ethanolamine glycerophospholipids (PE), choline glycerophospholipids (PC), serine glycerophospholipids (PS), and inositol glycerophospholipids (PI) were determined in the asymbiotic soft coral Gercemia rubiformis (Ehrenberg, 1834) from the Sea of Okhotsk by the method of tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry. The major molecular species were 16:1e/20:4 PE, 16:0e/20:4 PC, 20:1/24:5 PS, and 16:0/24:5 PI. This study showed a significant similarity of the polar lipidomes of G. rubiformis and tropical species of alcyonarians with symbiotic microalgae and revealed the basic characteristic of the polar lipidome of these alcyonarians. It was found that the 24:5n-6 and 24:6n-3 acids (chemotaxonomic markers of soft corals) concentrate in the acyl groups of the molecular species of PS and PI, which can be used as molecular lipid markers in the study of the symbiotic and trophic relationships of soft corals.
Brief Communications
Encounters with the Cuvier’s beaked whale, Ziphius cavirostris Cuvier, 1823 (Cetacea: Ziphiidae), in waters off eastern Kamchatka and the Commander Islands
Аннотация
The biology of the Cuvier’s beaked whale, Ziphius cavirostris Cuvier, 1823, in Russian waters remains almost unstudied. The species is encountered rarely elsewhere in the seas of Russia, except for the waters off the Commander Islands. Currently, some researchers express doubt about the accuracy of the known Cuvier’s beaked whale records in the region. This report provides information on the confirmed encounters with Cuvier’s beaked whale off the Commander Islands and eastern Kamchatka.