Risk factors for thyroid cancer

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Abstract

Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common tumor among endocrine malignant neoplasms all over the world. Over the past 20 years, there has been not only an increase in the indicators of true morbidity (not associated with active detection) of TC, but also the absence of a decrease in mortality and disability in this pathology. The identification of causal factors is important for clinical and scientific purposes, as it is the main requirement for the development of preventive measures and early diagnosis, forecasting the dynamics of the incidence of TC. The article provides an overview of known risk factors for the development of TC using sources of foreign and domestic literature, where preference is given to the results of large-scale scientific research. The article presents a wide range of causes of the development of TC: ionizing radiation, genetic factors, dietary characteristics, background diseases, and others.

About the authors

Aleksandr F. Lazarev

Altai State Medical University (ASMU)

Email: lazarev@akzs.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1080-5294
SPIN-code: 1161-8387

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

Russian Federation, Barnaul

Irina M. Zayarova

Altai State Medical University (ASMU)

Email: zaxarova270494@mail.ru

Postgraduate Student

Russian Federation, Barnaul

Valentina D. Petrova

Altai State Medical University (ASMU)

Author for correspondence.
Email: valent_04@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7169-9646
SPIN-code: 2941-6649

MD, Cand. Sci (Med.)

Russian Federation, Barnaul

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2. Fig. 1. The number of newly detected cases and the number of deaths from thyroid cancer in the world, 2020. WHO, Globocan, 2020. https://gco.iarc.fr/today/data/factsheets/cancers/32-Thyroid-fact-sheet.pdf.

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3. Fig. 2. Incidence of thyroid cancer in the world in men and women, standardized indicators by age, per 100,000 population, world standard, 2020. https://gco.iarc.fr/today/data/factsheets/cancers/32-Thyroid-fact-sheet.pdf.

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4. Fig. 3. Morbidity and mortality from thyroid cancer in the world, standardized indicators by age, per 100,000 population, world standard, both sexes https://gco.iarc.fr/today/data/factsheets/cancers/32-Thyroid-fact-sheet.pdf.

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5. Fig. 4. Key points of pathogenesis of malignant neoplasms.

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6. Fig. 5. Distribution of effective doses of external irradiation of the population of the Altai Territory from the explosion of 29.08.1949.

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7. Fig. 6. Medical-territorial zones of the Altai Territory: I – Barnaul, II – Aleyskaya, III – Slavgorodskaya, IV – Rubtsovskaya (it also includes model zone VI), V – Biysk.

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8. Fig. 7. Sequential model of thyroid cancer progression.

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