Immunocorrective effects of Tricor fenofibrate in the treatment of the early and intermediate stages of age-related macular degeneration

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible visual impairment, blindness and disability in the elderly. Treatment of end-stage AMD is extremely limited and requires invasive interventions. Currently, there is an active search for remedies aimed at preventing the degenerative process in the retina in the early stages of the disease. AMD is a multifactorial pathology, has common mechanisms with diseases associated with aging, metabolic shifts and hemodynamic disorders. The study of the effects of drugs already used to correct these disorders in the general clinic may also be of interest to ophthalmologists. The aim of the work was to study the dynamics of inflammatory markers of activation of the vascular endothelium and cytokines of the immune response in the tear fluid (TF) of patients with initial and intermediate stages of AMD against the background of the use of Tricor fenofibrate. 65 people were examined, divided into three groups according to the AREDS classification: group I – 20 people with early AMD (AREDS2), group II – 16 patients with intermediate AMD (AREDS3), 29 healthy elderly people without ophthalmopathology entered the age control group (AREDS1 – risk group). Patients of groups I and II received Tricor at a dose of 145 mg once a day for 9 months. Tear fluid (TF) was taken twice: before and immediately after the completion of the course of treatment. The determination of sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, sE-, sP-selectin and MCP-1/CCL2 in CS was performed by flow cytometry using a self-constructed multiplex panel from compatible simplex test kits Human FlowCytomix^TM Simplex (Bender MedSystem GmbH, Germany); IL-1β, IL-2 IL-6 TNFα was determined within the framework of the Human Flow Cytomix^TM 15 Flex system (Bender MedSystem GmbH, Germany). Data processing was performed in the FlowCytomix Pro v 6.0 package (Bender Med Systems GmbH, Germany). According to the results of the study, a significant effect of Tricor fenofibrate was found on the initially high levels of local production of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, MCP-1/CCL2 and sICAM-1 in the AREDS2 group, which indicated a direct anti-inflammatory, vasoprotective effect in the treatment of the initial stage of AMD; a similar effect of the drug, but less pronounced, noted in the AREDS3 group. The ophthalmological examination data also indicated stabilization of visual functions and the clinical picture of the fundus, improvement of intraocular blood circulation in patients of the main groups. Thus, the use of Tricor can help prevent the degenerative process in the retina in the early stages of AMD development.