卷 63, 编号 2 (2018)

The atomic structure and amorphous-crystalline transition dynamics in CuTi metallic glass synthesized by high-energy ball milling have been studied. Using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), it has been shown that the initial amorphous phase contains crystalline inclusions, which are up to 8 nm in size and may serve as crystallization centers. In contrast to the earlier studied amorphous CuTi alloys synthesized by melt spinning, the process of crystallization in the mechanically generated amorphous alloy begins at a lower temperature (250°C) and lasts for 20–30 s. A conclusion about the diffusion mechanism of crystallization in this material has been made.

The process of scattering of radiation by indium‒tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles is theoretically studied at various degrees of doping and for different radii of nanoparticles. Qualitative conclusions are made about the character of the dependence of the scattering cross section on the frequency with variation of the particle size and the percentage content of tin. The prospects of using ITO nanoparticles as an active substance in optical sensors are estimated.

Nanothin space-dissipative structures (SDSs) of hexagonal selenium formed in an amorphous film are investigated by transmission electron microscopy. It is established that the nanothin SDS of hexagonal selenium with a linear fan-shaped system of flexural contours in the electron-microscopy image is initial for the formation of the nanothin SDS of hexagonal selenium with a nonlinear fan-shaped system of flexural contours in the electron-microscopy image. It is shown that the formation of the nanothin SDS of hexagonal selenium with a nonlinear fan-shaped system of flexural contours in the electron-microscope image results in a change in the geometry of the nanothin-SDS lattice from Euclidean to Riemannian.

By the methods of schlieren visualization, the evolution of elements of the fine structure of transverse vortex loops formed in the circular vortex behind the edge of a disk rotating in a continuously stratified fluid is traced for the first time. An inhomogeneous distribution of the density of a table-salt solution in a basin was formed by the continuous-squeezing method. The development of periodic perturbations at the outer boundary of the circular vortex and their transformation at the vortex-loop vertex are traced. A slow change in the angular size of the structural elements in the supercritical-flow mode is noted.

The boundary problem of rigid coupling of lithospheric plates modeled by Kirchhoff plates with a base represented by a three-dimensional deformable layered medium is considered. The possibility of occurrence of a starting earthquake in such a block structure is investigated. For this purpose, two states of this medium in the static mode are considered. In the first case, the semi-infinite lithospheric plates in the form of half-planes are at a distance so that the distance between the end faces is different from zero. In the second case, the lithospheric plates come together to zero spacing between them. Calculations have shown that in this case more complex movements of the Earth’s surface are possible. Among such movements are the cases described in our previous publications [1, 2].

A projection method for solving the inverse problems of identification of the characteristics of inhomogeneous solids is proposed on the basis of acoustic sounding. Examples of using the method for solution of one-dimensional inverse problems for rods and round plates are given. The results of computational experiments on the identification of functions of various types are presented.

Cumulative distributions of clearness index values are constructed for the territory of Russia based on ground observation results and NASA POWER data. The obtained distributions lie close to each other, which means that the NASA POWER data can be used in solar power installations simulation at temperate and high latitudes. Approximation of the obtained distributions is carried out. The values of equation coefficients for the cumulative clearness index distributions constructed for a wide range of climatic conditions are determined. Equations proposed for a tropical climate are used in the calculations, so they can be regarded as universal ones.