Vol 61, No 6 (2016)

The introduction of interference–polarization filters (IPFs) in the structure of an optical–absorption analyzer makes it possible to pick out a harmonic (a Fourier component of the absorption spectrum) providing measurement with the highest sensitivity. The selectivity of such a method of analysis is determined by overlapping the oscillations of the measured and interfering components. By the example of measurement in benzene in the presence of an interfering component (toluene), the possibility is considered for the optimization of selectivity due to the variation of the path-difference dispersion for ordinary and extraordinary interfering rays. The metrological characteristics of the interference–polarization analyzer of C₆H₆ confirming the results of calculations are given.

The Bridgman–Stockbarger method is used for growing InI single crystals. The crystals are characterized by a perfect cleavage along (0k0). The long-wave IR transmission boundary amounts to 51 µm. For the first time, the thermal capacity and thermal conductivity are measured in the intervals of 80–300 and 50–300 K, respectively. The crystals have a high thermal capacity and a low thermal conductivity (C = 52.7 J/(mol K) and k = 0.58 W/(m K) at 300 K).

The results of experimental investigations are presented for the ignition of droplets (particles) of organic coal–water fuels (OCWFs) floating in a flow of an oxidizer using a special combustion chamber from high-temperature quartz glass. The temperature and the velocity of motion of the oxidizer vary in the ranges of 500–900 K and 0.5–3 m/s. The initial sizes (radii) of fuel droplets amounted to 0.3–1.5 mm. As the basic OCWF components, particles (of 80–100 µm in size) of brown coal “B2,” water, mazut, and waste castor and compressor oils are used. With use of the system of high-velocity video registration, the conditions providing for floating of OCWF particles without initiation of burning and with the subsequent steady ignition are established. Four modes of OCWF-droplet ignition with different trajectories of their motion in the combustion chamber are singled out. The times of the OCWF-ignition delay in dependence on the size of fuel particles and oxidizer temperatures are determined. The deviations of the OCWF-ignition-delay times obtained under conditions of suspension of a droplet on the thermocouple junction and while floating in the oxidizer flow are established.

Within the framework of the theory of plane steady filtration of an incompressible fluid according to Darcy’s law, two limiting schemes modeling the filtration flows under the Joukowski tongue through a soil massif spread over an impermeable foundation or strongly permeable confined water-bearing horizon are considered.

Analysis has shown that it is possible to choose a main spacecraft orbit (~0.5 km radius) and a minisatellite orbit (~1.5 km radius), so that passive motion of the spacecraft around the asteroid remains stable within the context of a given model for a sufficiently long duration of time, i.e., approximately a month for the main spacecraft and several years for the minisatellite, until Apophis approaches the Earth in 2029.

The linear stability of the evaporation front in a geothermal system in the absence of forces of gravity is investigated. The comparative analysis of the obtained stability condition and condition of water overheating before the front is presented in the domain of parameters.

It has been established that the consistent implementation of the 2015 Paris Climate Conference implies the quick retire of coal from the global energy balance and its replacement with the energy from unconventional and renewable sources. It is shown that even the full-scale implementation of the agreement will not keep global warming within 2°C.

An approach to the estimation of the initial shape of a meteoroid based on the statistical distributions of masses of its recovered fragments is presented. The fragment distribution function is used to determine the corresponding scaling index of the power law with exponential cutoff. The scaling index is related empirically to the shape parameter of a fragmenting body by a quadratic equation, and the shape parameter is expressed through the proportions of the initial object. This technique is used to study a representative set of fragments of the Bassikounou meteorite and compare the obtained data with the results of statistical analysis of other meteorites.