Vol 61, No 12 (2016)

The damaged regions (craters) arising under optical destruction of a sodium-chloride surface by 40-fs pulses emitted from a terawatt titanium−sapphire laser system are investigated. The dependence of the sizes of the damaged spot and the crater depth on the laser-pulse energy are determined at a wavelength of 800 nm.

A method of calculation of electron states in large molecules is proposed on the basis of the linear combinations of one-center functions of fragments with their interactions subsequently taken into account. It is shown that the computing procedure can be implemented similarly to the conventional one using LCAO.

A new method for coherent superbroadband sounding of a semitransparent substance with the aim to construct a three-dimensional image of its inner structure is proposed and justified. The method is based on irradiating the studied medium with a plane ray, spectral analysis by the two-dimensional Fresnel–Fourier transform, interferometric comparison of spatial spectra of scattered and reference signals, and holographic construction of a series of two-dimensional images of the medium followed by tomographic reconstruction of its three-dimensional image. The stochastic image model has been justified in a coherent approach for the first time both in the region of high frequencies and after the transfer of the radiation spectrum to the lowfrequency range of spatial frequencies to the surface of the radiation recorder. The spectral correlation characteristics of the speckle structure of the reconstructed image have been studied. Calculations and investigations of the spread function of the structure implementing the proposed method have been carried out.

The results of investigations on the possibility of an electrohydrodynamic force effect on a gas flow implemented with the help of a barrier discharge are presented. A new method of controlling the laminar flow around a base with suppression of instabilities of the incoming flow due to electrohydrodynamic force action on the boundary layer near the forward edge of a swept wing is proposed. An efficient multidischarge actuator system is developed and created for active control of aerodynamic flows with induced-air-flow characteristics exceeding the world analogues.

Effective Young’s moduli and Poisson’s ratios of two-layer tubes from cubic crystals have been analyzed theoretically. It is shown (using derived formulas for numerical estimates) that the mechanical properties of two-layer tube composites from auxetics and nonauxetics are not described by the mixture rule. It is demonstrated that the deviation of the effective modulus from the mixture rule predictions rapidly increases with an increase in Young’s modulus of the nonauxetic components of a composite. It is established that, combining auxetics and nonauxetics in layered tubes, one can obtain, depending on the packing order in layers, either a strong increase or a decrease in auxeticity.

Equilibrium problems for an elastic body with partially delaminated thin elastic inclusions are considered. The inclusions are modeled within the framework of the Euler–Bernoulli and Timoshenko models of elastic beams. The presence of delamination means the existence of a crack between the inclusion and the elastic matrix. Displacements of the opposite crack faces are constrained with nonpenetration conditions. Formulas of the Griffith type giving the first derivatives of energy functionals with respect to the crack length are established. It is shown that the formulas for the derivatives admit representation in the form of invariant integrals independent of the smooth closed curve surrounding the crack tip. The obtained invariant integrals consist of the sum of regular and singular parts and are analogues of the classical Eshelby–Cherepanov–Rice J-integral.

Integrability in elementary functions is demonstrated for some classes of dynamic systems on tangent bundles of two- and three-dimensional spheres. The force fields possess the so-called variable dissipation with a zero mean and generalize those considered earlier.