Eclogite trace in evolution of Late Cenozoic alkaline basalt volcanism on the southwestern flank of the Baikal Rift Zone: Geochemical features and geodynamic consequences

Abstract

Eclogitized material from the oceanic lithosphere are the most likely source of alkaline basalt magmas in the formation of Late Cenozoic volcanic areas on the southwestern flank of the Baikal Rift Zone. Basaltic trachyandesites of the early stage of volcanism (Pg₃² ~ 28–23 Ma) are rich in high field strength elements (HFSE), P₂O₅, F, Zn, Ga, Sr, Sn, and light rare earth elements (LREE); they are characterized by high values of the following ratios: Fe/Mn = 72–77, Sm/Yb = 7.7–8.5, Sr/Y = 57–63, and Ga/Sc = 2.1–2.3. At this stage, magmas are formed under conditions with a 2–8% degree of partial melting of the mantle substrate enriched with the material of the eclogite source (50–70%) (Cpx/Grt = 1.5–1.7). Basaltoid magmas of the final stage of volcanism (N₁³–N₂¹ ~ 6–4 Ma) are formed from melting (1.5–4%) of a less fertilized mantle (Cpx/Grt = 2.1–3.1, Fe/Mn = 62–71, Sm/Yb = 3.5–4.6, Sr/Y = 29–44, Ga/Sc = 1.0–1.4). The directed variations of the compositions of the successive basaltoid magmas, which were formed in the Late Cenozoic, create an “eclogite trace” in this area.