Risks in the System "Human-Industrial Environment": Conceptual Model, Concept of Assessment and Management

Purpose: To develop a concept of medical and psychophysiological support for risk assessment and management in the Human-Industrial Environment (HIE) system.

Material and methods: Generalization of literature data on riskology, theory and practice of professional risk assessment and management, theory of reliability of the human factor in socio-technical systems, as well as published results of own research.

Results: Using a systematic approach and the theory of riskology, the dangers to the functioning of the (HPS) system are considered. An employee, on the one hand, is at risk of losing his health due to the influence of harmful and/or dangerous production factors. On the other hand, he himself is a potential source of risk for the functioning of the Nuclear Plant (NP), the consequences of which can be, among other things, catastrophic. In the first case, the threat is production, the damage is the loss of health of the employee, in the second – the threat of the employee, the damage is the economic, social, political and other consequences of a man–made radiation accident. This is reflected in the proposed conceptual model of complex occupational risks, which takes into account both occupational and anthropogenic risks. The concept of a system for assessing and managing complex occupational risk has been developed, jointly implemented by occupational safety specialists of the NP and its medical organization. On the basis of a risk-based approach, the company’s specialists conduct a special assessment of working conditions and characteristics of professional adaptation of an employee, specialists of a medical organization assess the state of health according to periodic medical examinations. The assessment is carried out according to nosological (group of dispensary observation) and prenosological (level of psychophysiological adaptation) criteria. Anthropogenic risk is proposed to be assessed by the level of functional reliability of the employee through the professional and functional characteristics of the employee.

Conclusion: in the course of the conducted research, a conceptual model of risk formation in the HIE system has been developed and substantiated. A conceptual model for the formation of a complex occupational risk is proposed, combining the employee’s health risk and anthropogenic risk, as well as a risk-oriented approach to the creation of a professional risk assessment and management system concept. Its practical implementation will help to preserve the professional health of personnel and improve the safety of operation of nuclear energy facilities.