Formation of Radon Situation in Buildings of Educational Institutions of Lermontov Town
- Authors: Miklyaev P.S.1,2, Petrova T.B.3, Sidyakin P.A.4, Marennyy A.M.2, Tekeev R.A.5, Tsapalov A.A.6, Shchitov D.V.4, Tsebro D.N.4, Murzabekov M.A.4, Karl L.E.2, Gavriliev S.G.1
-
Affiliations:
- E.M. Sergeev Institute of Environmental Geoscience
- Research and Technical Center of Radiation-Chemical Safety and Hygiene
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
- North Caucasus Federal University
- Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology No 101
- Scientific Production Company "Doza"
- Issue: Vol 70, No 2 (2025)
- Pages: 40-48
- Section: Radiation Safety
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/1024-6177/article/view/361477
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.33266/1024-6177-2025-70-2-40-48
- ID: 361477
Cite item
Full Text
Abstract
Purpose: To determine the levels of indoor radon EEC of educational institutions in Lermontov city, to estimate the doses due to radon, to establish the causes of increased radon activity concentration in the indoor air and the patterns of its change.
Material and methods: measurements of radon EEC in cold and warm seasons were performed using the SSNTD (TRACK-REI_1M equipment), the content of natural radionuclides in building materials and soils using the Progress-2000 scintillation gamma spectrometer based on NaI(Tl) detector, the radon exhalation rate, using the Camera-01 charcoal complex, and radon continuous monitoring was carried out with the Radon Eye and Radex MR107. A total of 19 buildings were surveyed.
Results: It was found that the territory is characterized by a high geogenic radon, the average radium-226 content is 103 Bq/kg (range from 45 to 230 Bq/kg), the average value of radon exhalation is 263 mBq/(m2s) (range from 31 to 2730 mBk/(m2s)). The indoor radon EEC values of the 1st floors of educational institutions ranged from 12 to 1347 Bq/m3. Exceeding the permissible levels was found in all surveyed buildings, except for one kindergarten, where basement reliably protect against radon entering buildings. There are no clear seasonal patterns in the distribution of indoor radon, as well as a significant decrease in radon concentrations on the upper floors of buildings, which is apparently explained by intense convective mixing of air between floors. The main source of radon in buildings is its release from the soil. The entry of radon into buildings is caused by the convective transfer of radon through leaky tie-ins of communications and other defects in basement. The ineffectiveness of the radon mitigation measures is highlighted in all buildings where they were carried out. This is due to the inefficient allocation of responsibilities and the lack of competence and experience of the construction organisations carrying out this work.
About the authors
P. S. Miklyaev
E.M. Sergeev Institute of Environmental Geoscience; Research and Technical Center of Radiation-Chemical Safety and Hygiene
Email: peterm7@inbox.ru
Moscow, Russia
T. B. Petrova
M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
Email: peterm7@inbox.ru
Moscow, Russia
P. A. Sidyakin
North Caucasus Federal University
Email: peterm7@inbox.ru
Stavropol, Russia
A. M. Marennyy
Research and Technical Center of Radiation-Chemical Safety and Hygiene
Email: peterm7@inbox.ru
Moscow, Russia
R. A. Tekeev
Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology No 101
Email: peterm7@inbox.ru
Lermontov, Russia
A. A. Tsapalov
Scientific Production Company "Doza"
Email: peterm7@inbox.ru
Zelenograd, Moscow, Russia
D. V. Shchitov
North Caucasus Federal University
Email: peterm7@inbox.ru
Stavropol, Russia
D. N. Tsebro
North Caucasus Federal University
Email: peterm7@inbox.ru
Stavropol, Russia
M. A. Murzabekov
North Caucasus Federal University
Email: peterm7@inbox.ru
Stavropol, Russia
L. E. Karl
Research and Technical Center of Radiation-Chemical Safety and Hygiene
Email: peterm7@inbox.ru
Moscow, Russia
S. G. Gavriliev
E.M. Sergeev Institute of Environmental Geoscience
Email: peterm7@inbox.ru
Moscow, Russia
References
- WHO Handbook on Indoor Radon: A Public Health Perspective. Ed. Hajo Zeeb and Ferid Shannoun. Geneva, WHO Press, 2009. doi: 10.1080/00207230903556771.
- Lecomte J.F., Solomon S., Takala J., Jung T., Strand P., Murith C., Kiselev S., Zhuo W., Shannoun F., Janssens A. Radiological Protection against Radon Exposure. ICRP Publication 126. Ottava, 2014. 43 p.
- Krisyuk E.M. Radiatsionnyy Fon Pomeshcheniy = Radiation Background of Premises. Moscow, Energoatomizdat Publ., 1989. 118 p. (In Russ.).
- Marennyy A.M., Tsapalov A.A., Miklyayev P.S., Petrova T.B. Zakonomernosti Formirovaniya Radonovogo Polya v Geologicheskoy Srede = Regularities of Radon Field Formation in the Geological Environment. Moscow, Pero Publ., 2016. 394 p. (In Russ.).
- Gulabyants L.A. New Approach to Solving the Problem of Protecting Buildings from Radon. Vestnik MGSU = Bulletin of MGSU. 2011;3;2:3-8 (In Russ.).
- Petermann E., Bossew P., Kemski J., Gruber V., Suhr N., Hoffmann B. Development of a High-Resolution Indoor Radon Map Using a new Machine Learning- Based Probabilistic Model and German Radon Survey Data. Environ. Health Perspect. 2024;132;9:97009.doi: 10.1289/EHP14171.
- On the State of Sanitary and Epidemiological Well-Being of the Population in the Stavropol Territory in 2023. State Report. Stavropol, Rospotrebnadzor Publ., 2023. 180 p. (In Russ.).
- Sidyakin P.A., Yanukyan E.G., Fomenko N.A., Vakhilevich N.V. Formation of Radiation Levels of the Population of the Caucasian Mineral Waters Region Due to the Radioactivity of Rocks. Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedeniy. Geologiya i Razvedka = News of Higher Educational Institutions. Geology and Exploration. 2016;1:66-70 (In Russ.).
- Petoyan I.M., Shandala N.K., Titov A.V., Zinov’yeva N.V. Morbidity of the Adult Population Living in the “Uranium Legacy” Area under Conditions of Radon Exposure. Gigiyena i Sanitariya = Hygiene and Sanitation. 2022;101;3:281-287 (In Russ.).
- Milanovskiy Ye.Ye., Khain V.Ye. Geologicheskoye Stroyeniye Kavkaza = Geological Structure of the Caucasus. Moscow, Moskovskiy Gosudarstvennyy Universitet Publ., 1963. 356 p. (In Russ.).
- IAEA. The Environmental Behaviour of Radium: Revised Edition. Technical Reports Series No.476. Vienna, IAEA, 2014.
- Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation. United Nation Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. Report to the General Assembly VI. NY, Unscear, 2000. 654 p.
- Miklyayev P.S., Petrova T.B., Klimshin A.V., Marennyy A.M., Tekeyev R.A., Fin’kovskaya N.S., Shchitov D.V., Sidyakin P.A., Murzabekov M.A., Tsebro D.N. Radiation Situation in the Area of the Beshtau Mountain Massif. Radiatsiya i Risk (Byulleten’ Natsional’nogo Radiatsionno-Epidemiologicheskogo Registra) = Radiation and Risk (Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry). 2024;33;2:65-78 (In Russ.).
- Miklyayev P.S., Petrova T.B. Variations in the Volumetric Activity of Radon in Traditional Village Houses. Radiatsionnaya Biologiya. Radioekologiya = Radiation Biology. Radioecology. 2020;60;1:89-98. doi: 10.31857/S0869803120010117.
- Stamat I.P., Barkovskiy A.N., Krisyuk E.M., et al. Otsenka Individual’nykh Effektivnykh Doz Oblucheniya Naseleniya za Schet Prirodnykh Istochnikov Ioniziruyushchego Izlucheniya = Assessment of Individual Effective Doses of Population Irradiation Due to Natural Sources of Ionizing Radiation. Methodological Guidelines. Moscow, Federal’nyy Tsentr Gossanepidnadzora Minzdrava Rossii Publ., 2002. 22 p. (In Russ.).
- Khan S.M., James G., Krewski D.R. Radon Interventions Around the Globe. A Systematic Review. Heliyon. 2019;5:e01737.doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01737.
- Tsapalov A.A., Miklyayev P.S., Petrova T.B., Kuvshinnikov S.I. Radon Regulation Crisis in Russia: Scale of the Problem and Proposals for Correction. ANRI. 2024;1;116:3-29 (In Russ.). doi: 10.37414/2075-1338-2024-116-1-3-29.
- Tsapalov A.A., Kiselev S.M., Kovler K.L., Miklyayev P.S., Petrova T.B., Zhukovskiy M.V., Yarmoshenko I.V., Marennyy A.M., Tutel’yan O.Ye., Kuvshinnikov S.I. Standardization of Radon Control in Buildings Based on a Rational Conformity Assessment Criterion. Radiatsionnaya Gigiyena = Radiation Hygiene. 2023;16;4:84-104 (In Russ.). doi: 10.21514/1998-426X-2023-16-4-84-104.
Supplementary files
