Water Hardness Electrodes with Ionophores Containing Oxy- and Ester-Groups

Abstract

Lipophilic compounds combining oxy- and ester-groups are synthesized and studied as neutral ionophores in plasticized PVC membranes for the development of novel water hardness ion-selective electrodes. Electrodes based on the ionophores studied showed a higher selectivity to calcium over magnesium ions. However, for electrodes based on hexadecyl-4-hydroxybutanoate or decyloxybutanol this preference turned to be rather low: logK_CaMg=–(0.5–0.7). Electrodes with membranes containing hexadecyl-4- hydroxybutanoate, 0.3 M as a neutral ionophore and bis[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl]phosphate, 0.01 M as a charged ionophore, in combination with Ca²⁺-selective electrode based on ETH 1001 as ionophore, proved to be suitable for measurements of water hardness, also for the measurement of Mg²⁺ ion content in artificial aquarium fish-breeding water samples and in samples modeling electrolyte composition of blood serum.