Chloroplast Retrograde Signaling System

Resumo

Modern ideas on the nature and functions of plastid retrograde signals, i.e., plastid retrograde signaling, predominantly of chloroplasts, are summarized. The main attention is focused on the participation of plastid retrograde signals in inter- and intracellular signaling pathways and their role in the processes of plant growth and development. The small amount of data on the little-studied retrograde signaling system of plant mitochondria are outlined as well.