Vol 88, No 3 (2018)

One century is the minimal period that can make the discussion of a major event, such as a revolution, impartial regardless of the political environment. Recent studies have led to the conclusion that the revolution should be considered as a single multistage process, from the tsar’s abdication to the Civil War. When the Great Russian Revolution of 1917–1922 is discussed, the attribute great is used to characterize the scale of its consequences.

An important achievement of recent years is the establishment of the idea about the revolution as a complex multifaceted process, which determined all sides of Russia’s political, social, and cultural life. Special attention has been focused on WWI, which was an important factor in the development of revolutionary events, as well as on contradictions generated by the country’s rapid modernization in the postrevolutionary period.

This presentation is dedicated to the most significant novels about the revolution written in the first decades of the Soviet period. They laid the foundation for a truly historical vision of the events of 1917 and became the response of Russian literature to the global historical turning point and revolutionary upheavals of the entire structure of the national life.

The long-term dynamics of industrial output and the specifics of industrial growth in the Russian Federation are considered. Trends toward simplification of the production structure are identified, showing that the quality of economic dynamics, which the existing model ensures, does not correspond to the long-term goals of Russian economic development. The authors prove that the hope for the beneficial effect of market forces, artificially set against consciously formulated goals of economic development, has failed and led to attenuation of the investment process. Since production growth rates with a roughly four-year lag depend on the growth rates of capital investments, which critically depend on the current market situation, a sharp decrease in the growth rates of investments in recent years has set rigid limitations on economic development at least until 2020. The authors conclude that it is necessary to activate substantially investment progress, including state-run development programs, and analyze the financial potential of investment sources such as an increase in the rate of accumulation and repatriation of domestic capital. It is estimated that the current financial resources will be sufficient at least for the launch of this process if not for the full-fledged creation of an innovative economy in Russia.

This article, prepared on the basis of a report heard at the RAS Presidium session on May 23, 2017, presents models of international relations that have determined the formats, structural framework, and elements of the security of Greater Europe after 1945, both implemented and designed. The boundaries of Greater Europe are outlined, and the meaning of internal and external threats to its security is disclosed. The consequences of the deepening risks for Russia in the development of Greater Europe and tasks facing the country in this context are formulated.

Studies on the distribution of detrital rocks, reefs, and sand-to-clay rock ratios show that geological history has witnessed the gradual differentiation between subaqueous and subaerial reliefs. An increase in the height of mountains was possible due to the immersion of the asthenospheric layer and the increase in the thickness of the continental crust in general and especially in folding areas. This led to the gradual strengthening of relief contrasts and the growth of trough depths in subduction zones. A historical change in the composition of carbonate rocks, the replacement of Archean and Lower Proterozoic limestones and siderites with dolomites and magnesites in the Middle and Upper Proterozoic and then the successive displacement of the latter by limestones in the Phanerozoic suggests a change in the acid–alkali regime of water basins and a transfer from the Archean acid basins to alkali basins in the Proterozoic and partly early Paleozoic and then to neutral and weakly alkali basins in the rest of the Phanerozoic.

This article continues the work described in Vestnik RAN (no. 3, 2016) and in Herald of the RAS (no. 3, 2016). The previous articles analyzed the international experience in preparing and using agent-oriented models and technical groundwork for their implementation on supercomputers and described in detail the stages and methods of the efficient reflection of the computing core of a multiagent system on the architecture of a state-of-the-art supercomputer using the Supercomputer Technology for Agent-oRiented Simulation (STARS), developed by the authors. STARS was tested on two multiagent demographic models, built at the RAS Central Economics and Mathematics Institute, which differed in the level of detailization when simulating human reproductive behavior. This publication describes a technology of building multiagent simulations, making it possible to scale effectively models of this class up to 10⁹ agents and to apply it when creating a large-scale agent model for Eurasian countries. The objective of the model is to simulate the key migration processes and economic dynamics of these countries, as well as the aftermath of the implementation of large infrastructure projects because of the activity of multiple independent agents. The model was tested on various supercomputers, allowing conclusions on their technical characteristics.

Prospects for the humanities and social sciences under the conditions of the so-called technoscientific stage of the development of science, characterized by closely entwined scientific research and scientific design and highlighting the objectives of creating new equipment and technologies and not obtaining basic knowledge, are discussed. The author analyzes the historical peculiarities of technoscience as a specific form, on the one hand, of organization of scientific cognition and, on the other, of interaction between science and society, separating processes that increase the social responsibility of science and the effects of orientation toward solving pragmatic problems on scientific process, in particular, the transformation of methodological norms. The concepts of social and humanistic technologies are considered critically; several problems that arise owing to the technologization of socio-humanistic knowledge are investigated. It is justified that technological development requires not only a complex approach, implying the use of socio-humanistic technologies, but also socio-humanistic support, which cannot be understood technologically. The disciplinary status of such support is discussed; in particular, the recent widely used concept of transdisciplinarity is analyzed, and the conclusion is made that socio-humanistic support goes beyond professional scientific activity into the sphere of broad social practice. Foresight is considered as an example of such a transformation.

The results of the evaluation of the lake fund of European Russia are presented considering the inhomogeneity of its distribution over the territory. Information about quantitative and qualitative changes in the ER lake fund in the second half of the 20th century and the early 21st century is analyzed. The main environmental problems of lakes, associated with their negative changes under the action of anthropogenic factors, are revealed and possible ways to resolve them are outlined.

The title of the article should read:

An Intercultural Paradigm of Migrant Integration

The affiliation should read:

Primakov National Research Institute of the World Economy and International Relations

The footnote * should read:

Irina Pavlovna Tsapenko, Dr. Sci. (Econ.), is a Sector Head at the Primakov National Research Institute of the World Economy and International Relations, RAS (RAS IMEMO).