Karl Marx as a Philosopher of Science On the Bicentennial of His Birth

Abstract

The main components of Karl Marx’s doctrine are considered: the dialectical method, the concept of the materialist philosophy of history, and political-economic ideas. Class theory is reconstructed and analyzed. The author interprets Marxism as a philosophy of science, along with neo-Kantianism and positivism, which were dominant in the late 19th century, and shows the role of Marx in the development of the historical approach and the significance of his works for the establishment of subsequent methodological approaches in social sciences and the humanities, particularly for systemic and theoretical activity-oriented studies. The fate of Marx’s ideas after his death is described in brief.