Medical simulator for the training of radiologists: experimental work

BACKGROUND: Ankle injuries of various nature — bruises, sprains, tears, dislocations and subluxations, and fractures — account for 20–30% of all musculoskeletal system injuries. The most common ankle injuries are a tear and sprain. The difficulty in treating fractures in this location is due to the need for accurate repositioning of the articular surface and stable fixation of fragments. The actual task is to train roentgenologists in the field. The inclusion of medical personnel in the educational process at all levels of training simulation courses aids in the reduction of errors, reduction of problems, and the improvement of the quality of medical treatment provided to the public.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to develop and create a simulator that simulates human bone structure and soft tissues and allows roentgenologists to get through training and instruction radiological examinations of an ankle joint and a foot.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The following stages of the simulator’s development have been completed: acquiring ankle bone samples, creating a mold for casting, and constructing the simulator. The results of computer and magnetic resonance imaging were used to construct bone samples, from which a computerized 3D model of the bones of the foot and ankle joint was obtained. Using additive technologies, anatomically correct reproductions of human foot and ankle bones were made. At the next stage, a three-dimensional digital model was developed, and a mold for casting the finished product was made. Bone samples collected in a single structure were placed inside the mold. Next, a step-by-step filling of the form with a soft gel-like material was performed. In this case, a self-vulcanizing silicone rubber composition is selected, which, after solidification, imitates human soft tissues.

RESULTS: During the course of the study, a prototype medical simulator was created that models human bone structure and soft tissues and allows roentgenologists to practice performing ankle joint and foot roentgenography.

CONCLUSION: Because of its high anatomical accuracy, ease of use, and mass production potential, the developed simulator can be widely employed in the teaching of roentgenologists.