Embryonic development of the cruciate complex of the human knee joint: I. Anlage and primary differentiation

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Abstract

Twenty six human abortive embryons (6-13.5 weeks of prenatal development) were for the study of cruciate complex embryonal differentiation. Serial histological mounts (8—12 mkm) were prepared from leg fragments with knee joint. Mallory, hematoxylin-eosine and antibody for collagen III were used for staining. Human cruciate complex appears in embryons at 6-6.5 weeks of development. It differentiates from the mesenchyme lying between tibia and fibula. Starting from 8.5-9 weeks the anterior and double-component posterior ligaments, which begin to vascularize on the surface, can be distinguished. At the age of 13 weeks both components of posterior ligament fuse and the complex itself starts to vascularize throughout the whole mass.

 

About the authors

A. N. Makarov

Institute of Human Morphology “Central Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics. N.N. Priorova

Author for correspondence.
Email: info@eco-vector.com
Russian Federation, Moscow

S. P. Mironov

Institute of Human Morphology “Central Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics. N.N. Priorova

Email: info@eco-vector.com
Russian Federation, Moscow

M. P. Lisitsyn

Institute of Human Morphology “Central Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics. N.N. Priorova

Email: info@eco-vector.com
Russian Federation, Moscow

S. V. Saveliev

Institute of Human Morphology “Central Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics. N.N. Priorova

Email: info@eco-vector.com
Russian Federation, Moscow

V. B. Nikitin

Institute of Human Morphology “Central Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics. N.N. Priorova

Email: info@eco-vector.com
Russian Federation, Moscow

V. I. Gudimova

Institute of Human Morphology “Central Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics. N.N. Priorova

Email: info@eco-vector.com
Russian Federation, Moscow

References

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2. Rice. 1. Diagrams of the formation and primary differentiation of the human cruciform complex. a — formation of four foci of fibroblast polarization in the skeletal mesenchyme (arrows show polarization directions); b - differentiation of portions of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments; c — spiral polarization of fibroblasts on the surface of the bundles; 2 - fusion of ligaments and skeleton during cartilage resorption by osteoclasts.

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3. Rice. Fig. 2. Histology of the development of the cruciate complex of the human knee joint. Above — the edge of the developing tibia (stained with hematoxylin, v. 40); b - polarization of fibroblasts in the skeletal mesenchyme in an embryo 6-6.5 weeks. (stained with hematoxylin and eosin, v. 40); c — anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments in an 8-week-old embryo (Mallory stain, v. 20);

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4. Rice. Fig. 3. Histology of differentiation of the cruciate complex of the human knee joint. The arrow indicates the "dissection" of the fibroblastic body of the ligament by the vessels (staining according to Mallory, v. 40); b — formation of channels in the femoral cartilage by active osteoclasts in an embryo of 11.5 weeks. Arrows point to canals in the marginal part of the leg (Mallory stain, v. 40); (c) ingrowth of the vascularized anterior cruciate ligament into the edges of the cartilaginous canal of the femur in a 12.5-week-old embryo (Mallory stain, v. 40); d — penetration of nerve fibers into the cruciate complex in a 13.5-week-old embryo. The arrow points to a single fiber in the posterior ligament of the cruciate complex (Mallory stain, v. 40).

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