Composition of Cs-rich analcime in spodumene pegmatites of Afghanistan (Kolatan Deposit, Nuristan province)

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Abstract

In spodumene pegmatites, the Kolatan deposit, Nuristan province, Afghanistan, a large (about 15 mm) crystal of Cs-rich analcime was discovered for the first time in the region. The SEM-EDS and SIMS methods identified its concentric zoning. The formula (Na0.78Cs0.05K0.02)Σ0.85[(Al0.89Si2.12)Σ3.01O6]·0.65H2O corresponds to the average composition of the mineral. The analysis of crystal zoning in two profiles by the SEM-EDS method (93 points) shows that Cs content is maximum in the core of the crystal and decrease to the rim. Contents of K, Na, and Al increase from core to rim. SIMS method (16 points) confirms the pointed profile of Cs which content decreases from 65 100 to 9200 ppm. The profile of Ca has smoother appearance. Profiles of transition metals (Mn, Fe, Ni, Cr, and V) are complex. The Rb profile is peaked and asymmetric: in the one part of the profile, Rb content varies insignificantly, in the another part it decreases from 250 ppm to 80 ppm. Water content increases from core to rim (from 48 400 ppm to 68 700 ppm). Most likely, this increasing reflects the transition to the hydrothermal stage. It is possible to assume that the formation of Cs-rich analcime marked the completion of the magmatic stage of pegmatite formation, the temperature regime of which is estimated as ~400°C. The find of such a large and gem quality crystal of extremely rare Cs-rich analcime is unique.

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About the authors

S. G. Skublov

Institute of Precambrian Geology and Geochronology RAS

Author for correspondence.
Email: skublov@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg

A. Yosufzaib

Saint-Petersburg Mining University; Kabul Polytechnic University,

Email: ata.yosufzai@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg; Kabul, Afghanistan

A. N. Evdokimov

Saint-Petersburg Mining University

Email: evdokimov_an@pers.spmi.ru
Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg

O. L. Galankina

Institute of Precambrian Geology and Geochronology RAS

Email: galankinaol@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg

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2. Fig. 1. Satellite image (a) and geological scheme of the Kolatan deposit (б) (compiled by A. Yosufzai based on (Rossovsky, Chmyrev, 1977; Doebrich et al., 2006; Mosazai et al., 2017) 1 – alluvium–proluvium, pebbles, gravel, sands and clays; 2 – marbled limestones, interlayers of carbonaceous and biotite schists; 3 – thin–layered quartz–biotite–garnet and quartz–biotite–garnet–staurolite schists; 4 – medium–fine–grained biotite–muscovite granites of the third phase of the Laghman complex; 5–7 – pegmatites: 5 – schorl–muscovite–microcline pegmatites (barren), 6 – weakly albitized and microcline–albite pegmatites with elbaite, polychrome tourmaline, kunzite, manganotantalite, cassiterite, pollucite and analcime, 7 – spodumene–microcline–albite and lepidolite–spodumene–cleavelandite pegmatites with amblygonite, elbaite, polychrome tourmaline, pollucite, coltan, cassiterite and analcime; 8 – faults (a) and rock contacts (б); 9 – sampling site; 10 – position of the Kolatan deposit on the inset with the border of Afghanistan. The rectangle shows the position of the pegmatite vein (Fig. 2).

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3. Fig. 2. General plan of the lepidolite-spodumene-cleavelandite pegmatite vein in the host phyllite shales at the Kolatan deposit (a), detailed structure of the pegmatite vein (photo by A. Yosufzai) (б), a crystal of cesium-containing analcime with indexes of the tetragontrioctahedron faces and indication of the cross-section for the mount preparation (в), a mount with a crystal of cesium-containing analcime (г), BSE-image with analytical points, the dotted lines show the supposed boundaries of the growth zoning (д). Ab – albite, Anl – analcime, Clv – cleavelandite, Elb – elbaite, Lpd – lepidolite, Mc – microcline, Qz – quartz; Spd – spodumene; Ta-Nb – coltan, Tur – watermelon tourmaline.

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4. Fig. 3. BSE-image of a dark area in cesium-containing analcime (a) and the inclusion of kaolinite with small crystals of microcline (б). The symbols of the minerals correspond to Fig. 2 (Kln – kaolinite).

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5. Fig. 4. Сoefficients in the formula for cesium-containing analcime (apfu). Green circles mark the points corresponding to isolated areas with dark coloring in the BSE image.

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6. Fig. 5. Distribution patterns of major and minor elements (apfu) in a crystal of cesium-containing analcime (SEM-EDS data). The numbers of the analytical points correspond to Fig. 2, д. Green circles and dotted lines mark the points corresponding to isolated areas with dark coloring in the BSE image.

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7. Fig. 6. Distribution patterns of minor and trace elements (ppm) in a crystal of cesium-containing analcime (SIMS data). The numbers of the analytical points correspond to Fig. 2, д.

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8. Fig. 7. The pattern for the K/Rb ratio from point 44 to point 94 (a) and Rb content (ppm) vs K/Rb ratio (б). Кed circles mark the points located in the marginal part of the crystal of cesium-containing analcime.

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