Igneous and metamorphic rock-forming minerals in metagabbro of the Norther Ladoga area and criteria for their discrimination

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Abstract

Morphology and compositions of minerals in metamorphized Early Proterozoic gabbroids of the Northern Ladoga area were studied with the purpose to identify criteria of their magmatic or metamorphic origin. These rock-forming minerals of the Kaalamsky complex are stable in the wide range of temperatures and pressure. To solve the problem, together with comparison with minerals from non-metamorphized rocks of the Potudan intrusion (Volga-Don orogen), there were used the data of petrographic study in as well as the data of mineral compositions and thermodynamic modeling. It was concluded that it is possible to distinguish groups of magmatic and metamorphic rock-forming minerals with help of morphogenetic, geochemical, and thermobarometric criteria, as well as criteria based on revealing the concordance between observed and modeled mineral compositions. Combined application of these criteria has allowed determining that rocks of Kaalamsky complex contain olivine, clinopyroxenes, amphiboles, plagioclases of magmatic origin, and also their metamorphic analogues.

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About the authors

R. L. Anisimov

Institute of Precambrian geology and geochronology RAS

Author for correspondence.
Email: romjulleoanis@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

M. E. Petrakova

Institute of Precambrian geology and geochronology RAS

Email: romjulleoanis@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

S. K. Baltybaev

Institute of Precambrian geology and geochronology RAS; Saint Petersburg State University

Email: romjulleoanis@mail.ru

Институт наук о Земле

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg; Saint Petersburg

O. L. Galankina

Institute of Precambrian geology and geochronology RAS

Email: romjulleoanis@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Geological scheme of the Kaalamo massif (after Lavrov, Kuleshevich, 2016 with modifications). 1 – first phase of intrusion, 2 – second phase of intrusion, 3 – third phase of intrusion, 4 – granites, 5 – granite-gneisses of the Kiryavalakhta dome, 6 – rocks of the Sortavala series, 7 – rocks of the Ladoga series, 8 – disjunctive violations: a – reliable, b – alleged. Inset (left): scheme of the main tectonic blocks of the region and position of the Kaalamo massif.

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3. Fig. 2. Microphotographs of Kaalamо complex rocks (transmitted light, without an analyzer). a – olivine clinopyroxenite (sample 079-58), б – olivine websterite (sample 556), в – gabbro (sample 488), г – gabbrodiorite (sample 472-1), д – tonalite (sample 318).

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4. Fig. 3. Chemical composition of olivine from rocks of the Kaalamо complex. 1 – peridotite (sample 079-307), 2 – olivine clinopyroxenite (sample 079-58), 3 – olivine clinopyroxenite (sample 555), 4 – olivine clinopyroxenite (sample 557), 5 – olivine websterite (sample 556).

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5. Fig. 4. Chemical composition of pyroxenes in the Kaalamо complex on the En–Wo–Fs (after Poldervaart, Hess, 1951; Morimoto et al., 1988). 1 – olivine clinopyroxenite (sample 079-58), 2 – olivine clinopyroxenite (sample 555), 3 – olivine websterite (sample 556), gabbrodiorites of the 2nd phase: 4 – sample 325, 5 – sample 470, 6 – sample 472-1.

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6. Fig. 5. Chemical composition of amphiboles in the Kaalamo complex. Composition fields are given after (Hawthorne et al., 2012).

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7. Fig. 6. Contents of Cr, Ti, K in amphiboles of rocks the Kaalamo complex. 1–5 – rocks of the first phase (1 – peridotite, sample 079-307; 2 – olivine clinopyroxenite, sample 079-58; 3 – olivine clinopyroxenite, sample 555, 4 – olivine websterite, sample 556; 5 – gabbro, sample 337); 6–7 – gabbrodiorites of the second phase (6 – sample 325, 7 – sample 472-1); third phase: 8 – tonalite of the third phase (sample 318).

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8. Fig. 7. Zonal plagioclases in the Kaalamо complex. BSE images. a – two generations of plagioclase in anorthite gabbro (sample 324), б – two generations of plagioclase in gabbrodiorite (sample 325), в – oscillatory-zonal plagioclase (sample 318), г – two generations of plagioclase in tonalite (sample 318).

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9. Fig. 8. Microphotographs of transparent polished thin sections of rocks in the Potudan complex. а – zoned plagioclase with a Ca-rich core (Pl1), clinopyroxene with inclusions of hornblende and magnetite, third generation plagioclase (Pl3); б – clinopyroxene with magnetite inclusions and with a xenomorphic amphibole rim; в, г – sieve-like plagioclase with inclusions, image in transmitted light and BSE image; д, е – sieve-like clinopyroxene with numerous inclusions of magnetite grains, BSE images.

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10. Fig. 9. Compositions of amphiboles of the Potudan complex.

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11. Fig. 10. Ab–Or–An diagram (Deer et al., 1992) with compositions of feldspar in the Potudan complex rocks.

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12. Fig. 11. Character of relationships between minerals of the Kaalamo complex. a – oscillatory-zonal clinopyroxene (olivine websterite, first phase); б – oscillatory-zonal plagioclase (tonalite, third phase); в – paragenic ortho- and clinopyroxenes (gabbrodiorite, second phase); г – olivine inclusions in orthopyroxene (olivine websterite, first phase); д – two generations of amphibole (olivine websterite, first phase); е – two groups of amphibole (gabbrodiorite, second phase). Trasmitted light without analyzer (а, в–е), with analyzer (б).

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13. Fig. 12. Results of mineral thermometry for the rocks of the Kaalamo complex. Geothermometers: Ol-Cpx (Loucks, 1996), Opx-Cpx (Putirka, 2008), Amp-Pl (Holland, Blundy, 1994). Solid lines show temperatures obtained for rocks of the first phase, short dotted lines show temperatures obtained for rocks of the second phase, long dotted lines show temperatures obtained for rocks of the third phase. Red field, temperatures of the magmatic stage, orange field, temperatures of the post-magmatic stage, yellow field, temperatures of the metamorphic stage. Numbers correspond to the compositions of plagioclase used in calculations (see text for explanation).

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14. Fig. 13. Discrimination plot of magmatic and metamorphic orthopyroxene (a, after Bhattacharyya, 1971; б, after Rietmeijer, 1983).

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