First findings of platinum group minerals from ultramafites of the Idzhim mafic-ultramafic massif (Western Sayan)

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In plastically deformed harzburgite and dunite of the Idzhim mafic-ultramafic massif, which is part of the Kurtushiba ophiolite belt of the Western Sayan and is one of largest massifs of this belt, platinum group minerals (PGM) were identified for the first time. They were found in pentlandite, awaruite and nickel arsenides (NiS, Ni2S) in form of finely dispersed inclusions, the diagnosis of which, due to their small size, was carried out only qualitatively. Native osmium, Ir-bearing osmium, native ruthenium, garutiite, tetraferroplatinum, unnamed (Pt,Ir)Fe and (Ni,Cu,Pd,Pt)2-3Fe phases, zaccarinite, Ir-bearing erlikmanite and unnamed sulfides with crystal chemical formula Me2S were quantitatively identified and characterized. All PGM grains found are predominantly localized either in peripheral parts of grains of sulfides, awaruite and wairauite, or in silicate matrix in immediate vicinity of these minerals. The platinum group elements (PGE) content and their distribution in restite ultramafic rocks was apparently controlled by partial melting of primary peridotite substrate. During partial melting, the extraction of sulfur and Pt-group platinoides (Pt, Pd, Rh) into the silicate melt led to a decrease in S2 fugacity and the accumulation of Ir-group platinoides (Os, Ir, Ru) in monosulfide solid solution (mss), from which subsequently primary Os-Ir-bearing pentlandite crystallized. The subsequent transformation of this sulfide led to appearance of PGE-containing awaruite and nickel arsenides, as well as to everything discovered diversity of identified PGM.

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Sobre autores

А. Yurichev

Tomsk State University

Autor responsável pela correspondência
Email: juratur@yandex.ru
Rússia, Tomsk

А. Chernyshov

Tomsk State University

Email: juratur@yandex.ru
Rússia, Tomsk

Е. Korbovyak

Tomsk State University

Email: juratur@yandex.ru
Rússia, Tomsk

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2. Fig. 1. Schematic geological map of the Idzhim massif (Goncharenko, 1989, with additions by authors). 1 — ultramafic rocks: harzburgites, dunites, serpentinites; 2 — gabbroides (D); 3 — Shishtyk Formation: sandstones (S2); 4 — Amyl Formation: orthoschists and paraschists (Є2); 5 — Alasug Formation: metamorphosed conglomerates, gravelstones, sandstones, siltstones, shales (Є2-3); 6 — Tereshkinskaya Formation: siltstones, cherts, tuff sandstones, tuff conglomerates, algal limestones, porphyrites and their tuffs (Є1); 7 — Chinga Formation: spilite-diabase formation and carbonaceous-siliceous shales (Є1ch1); 8 — lines of tectonic contact (solid — reliable, dotted — assumed); 9 — tectonic blocks (I — Tikhovsky, II — Oreshsky (Koyardsky), III — Omulsky, IV — Idzhimsky, V — Sinyukhinsky); 10 — sampling sites. The inset shows of the Idzhim massif in structure of the Kurtushiba ophiolite belt of Western Sayan (Sibilev, 1980; Simonov et al., 2022, with corrections by authors). 1 — ultramafites; 2 — gabbroides, dike complex; 3 — diabase sequence, carbonaceous-siliceous shales (Chinga and Nizhnii Monok formations); 4 — postorogenic granites; 5 — ultramafic massifs (И — Idzhim, K — Kalninsky, E — Ergaksky, Kб — Kizir-Burluksky).

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3. Fig. 2. Micrographs of plastically deformed ultramafites without analyzer (left) and with analyzer (right). а–б, hypidiomorphic grained harzburgites (samples 14 and 112, respectively), c, porphyroleistic dunite (sample 160). Ol — olivine, Opx — orthopyroxene, Serp — serpentine, Chl — chlorite, CrSp — chrome spinel, CrMgt — chromomagnetite.

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4. Fig. 3. Ternary diagrams for ultramafites of the Idzhim massif. a, composition of accessory chromospinelides from harzburgite (white circles) and dunite (gray circles) on classification diagram by N.V. Pavlov (1949) (1 — chromite, 2 — subferrichromite, 3 — aluminochromite, 4 — subferrialumochromite, 5 — ferrialumochromite, 6 — subaluminoferrichromite, 7 — ferrichromite, 8 — chromopicotite, 9 — subferrichromopicotite, 10 — subalumochromomagnetite, 11 — chromomagnetite, 12 — picotite, 13 — magnetite); б, composition of microinclusions of Os–Ir–Ru in pentlandite and avaruite from harzburgites on еру classification triangle (Harris, Cabri, 1991).

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5. Fig. 4. Microinclusions of Os–Ir–Ru in pentlandites and avaruites from plastically deformed harzburgites. BSE images. Avr — avaruite (Ni2-3Fe), Pn — pentlandite (Fe,Ni)9S8, Ol — olivine, Serp — serpentine. The red circle with number is a target of analysis and its number.

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6. Fig. 5. Microphotographs of Os–Ir metallic solid solutions and Os–Ir sulfides in wairauites and pentlandites from plastically deformed harzburgites of the Idzhim massif. BSE images. Vair — wairauite (CoFe), Co-Pn — cobalt pentlandite (Fe,Ni,Co)9S8, СrSp — chrome spinel, Chl — chlorite.

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7. Fig. 6. Accessory PGE in plastically deformed harzburgites and dunites. BSE images. Grt — garutite (Ni,Fe,Ir), Zcr — zaccarinite (RhNiAs), Cu-Pn — cupropentlandite (CuFe5Ni3S8).

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8. Fig. 7. Scheme of the formation of PGM. Bold font in circles shows identified minerals; italics in circles indicate minor PGE in minerals.

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