Experimental Study of Amphibole Crystallization from the Highly Magnesian Melt of Shiveluch Volcano, Kamchatka

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The paper reports results of an experimental study of amphibole crystallization from the highly magnesian andesite melt of Shiveluch volcano, Kamchatka. The experiments were carried out in IHPV at 300 MPa and 940–980°С in iron-saturated platinum capsules, using rapid quenching and temperature oscillations (in some experiments). The redox state of iron in the system was measured before and after the experiments using Mössbauer spectroscopy. The maximum size of the experimental amphibole crystals (up to 200 μm) was close to those of natural amphibole phenocrysts in the volcanic rocks of Shiveluch volcano. The experimental data show that the content of octahedrally coordinated Al (Al⁶) in the amphibole considerably varies with small variations in the intensive parameters (P, T, and \(f{{{\text{O}}}_{2}}\)) and composition of the melt, and the maximum Al⁶ concentration can be evaluated only by using a reasonably large dataset of amphibole analyses. A modified 13eCNK method is suggested to calculate the values of Al⁶ and Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺ with regard for the Ti concentration and the probable partial transfer of Mg into site B in high-Mg amphibole. Calculations with this modified technique yield lower Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺ and higher Al⁶ values. Our experimental data show that the temperature of amphibole liquidus crystallization decreases from about 990°C to 960°C when the oxygen fugacity drops from NNO + 1.5 to NNO + 0.4. In view of this, the transition from amphibole-bearing to anhydrous mineral assemblage in the magmas of Shiveluch volcano might have been caused by variations of the oxygen fugacity but not water. The application of our geobarometer to amphiboles from Shiveluch volcano (extrusions Krasnaya and Karan) yields the highest pressure estimate of above 1 GPa, corresponding to the P–T conditions of the melting of garnet-bearing amphibolite in the lower crust.