Conditions and formation mechanism of carbon phases in late quarternary geyzerites and travertines of Ol’khon area and Ol’khon Island (Baikal rift zone)


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Abstract

Late Quaternary geyserite and travertine in Ol’khon Area and Ol’khon Island contain a recently discovered high-temperature association of hydrocarbon and carbonaceous phases, including highly crystalline graphite, α-carbyne, and bitumen, which were produced at temperatures no lower than 400°C. A carbon modification α-carbyne, which was previously found only among experimental products, was first identified in geyserite from the Ol’khon area. Nanometer-sized morphostructures and crystallites were detected on the surface of highly crystalline graphite from the geyserite and travertine. No such structures and crystallites have ever been found on graphite of magmatic, metamorphic, metasomatic, or pneumatolytic origin. The newly formed nanometer-sized morphostructures and crystallites should be regarded as typomorphic features of carbonaceous phases in high-temperature hydrothermal rocks. Graphite was likely produced in the geyserite and travertine by low-pressure polycondenssation of hydrocarbons, at free growth in open space from oversaturated solutions and/or a gas phase.

About the authors

Yu. V. Danilova

Institute of the Earth’s Crust, Siberian Branch

Author for correspondence.
Email: jdan@crust.irk.ru
Russian Federation, ul. Lermontova 128, Irkutsk, 664033

T. G. Shumilova

Institute of Geology, Komi Scientific Center, Ural Branch

Email: jdan@crust.irk.ru
Russian Federation, Pervomaiskaya ul. 54, Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, 167982

J. Mayer

Central Facility for Electron Microscopy

Email: jdan@crust.irk.ru
Germany, Ahornstrasse 55, Aachen, D-52074

B. S. Danilov

Institute of the Earth’s Crust, Siberian Branch

Email: jdan@crust.irk.ru
Russian Federation, ul. Lermontova 128, Irkutsk, 664033

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