Dementia: the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects


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The article considers actual concepts concerning clinical manifestations, diagnostic and treatment of dementia as a widespread syndrome in neuro-geriatric practice. It is pointed out that the most frequent causes of dementia in old age are Alzheimer's disease, vascular lesions of brain along with combination of these etiologic factors as well dementia with Lewy bodies. The approaches are analyzed concerning diagnostic of cognitive, emotional and behavioral disorders in such patients on the basis of application of neuro-psychological and psychometric scales. The possibilities of modern techniques of neuro-visualization are characterized. The actual approaches to treatment of cognitive disorders are considered. In particular, the characteristics of application of inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase, invertible blocker of post-synaptic glutamatergic NMDA-receptors and pharmaceuticals with vasoactive and metabolic action are examined. The application of non-pharmaceutical methods of treatment and prevention of cognitive abnormalities is discussed. The conclusion is made about necessity of further study of effects of various pharmaceuticals in the case of cognitive abnormalities, behavioral disorders and everyday activities. The practicability is substantiated to include these pharmaceuticals into scheme of treatment activities in patients with dementia with the purpose to correct cognitive and behavioral defects.

作者简介

Ol'ga Mokhova

The medical rehabilitational center of the Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: mohovaoi@mail.ru
отделение неврологии для больных с нарушением мозгового кровообращения Москва

Igor' Damulin

The I.M. Sechenov first Moscow medical university of Minzdrav of Russia

Email: damulin@mmascience.ru
кафедра нервных болезней лечебного факультета

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