Falls in the elderly due to vestibular dysfunction: clinical and pathogenetic aspects

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Abstract

This article discusses the clinical features and causes of falls in the elderly due to vestibular dysfunction. The sociomedical significance of this problem is emphasized. Almost 50% of older people who have suffered repeated falls have a restriction of physical activity because of psychological reasons (fear of repeated falls). The most common cause of falls is balance disorders, and the corresponding complaint in patients with falls is vertigo. The description of peripheral and central forms of vertigo is provided. The clinical and pathogenetic aspects of these disorders are considered. It emphasizes that research conducted in recent years using methods of functional neuroimaging has significantly advanced our understanding of the mechanisms of functioning of the vestibular system, especially its central parts. Based on the results of studies aimed at studying the human connectome in patients with cochleovestibular disorders, the significance of multimodal sensory integration disorders with this pathology is shown.

About the authors

I. V. Damulin

Medical Institute of Russian Peoples’ Friendship University; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)

Author for correspondence.
Email: damulin@mmascience.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4826-5537

MD, PhD, DSc, Professor

Russian Federation, Moscow

M. V. Tardov

L.I. Sverzhevsky Research Institute of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology

Email: mvtardov@rambler.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6673-5961

MD, PhD, DSc

Russian Federation, Moscow

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