THE INTESTINAL STROMAL CELLS: IDENTIFICATION, ORIGIN, FUNCTIONS


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Abstract

The article proposes an introduction into problem of stromal cells of mucous membrane of intestinal tract. The types and structural molecular characteristics of stromal cells are presented including their identification, origin in embryonic life and after birth. The physiologic importance of stromal elements is discussed including their plastic possibilities, ability to transit into epithelial cells and transformation of epithelial stem cells into stromal cells. The relationship of intestinal stromal cells with bone marrow, mesenchymal stem elements and hematopoietic stem cells is demonstrated. The importance of stromal cells in the formation of stem epithelial cells’ niche in many ways relating to tolerogenic activity of stromal elements is emphasized. The secretion profile of stromal cells, its regulation and importance for reparative processes in case of chronic inflammation of intestine are discussed on the example of fibroblasts/miofibroblasts. The conclusion is made that intestinal cells of stroma can be used for treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases of intestine which are resistant to common and cytokine therapy.

About the authors

I. V Mayanskaiya

The Nizhny Novgorod research institute of children gastroenterology of Minzdrav of Russia

Email: Mayansky37@mail.ru

P. P Potekhin

The Nizhny Novgorod research institute of children gastroenterology of Minzdrav of Russia

V. I Ashkenazi

The Nizhny Novgorod research institute of children gastroenterology of Minzdrav of Russia

N. I Tolkatcheva

The Nizhny Novgorod research institute of children gastroenterology of Minzdrav of Russia

A. Yu Goganova

The Nizhny Novgorod research institute of children gastroenterology of Minzdrav of Russia

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