Ghrelin as a promising biological marker in cardiovascular disease

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Abstract

This review highlights the current literature data on the peptide hormone ghrelin. Ghrelin is a 28-amino-acid peptide, which is the only known peptide hormone modified with fatty acids. Ghrelin is a natural receptor ligand that stimulates the secretion of growth hormones. In addition to the stomach, ghrelin is expressed in many organs such as the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon, lungs, heart, pancreas, kidneys, testicles, pituitary gland, and hypothalamus. The main biological functions of this peptide include growth hormone secretion, appetite stimulation, modulation of gastric acid secretion and motility, and an increase in endocrine and exocrine pancreatic secretions. Reference intervals for ghrelin are 8.502–16.6 pg/mL. The studies analyzed have shown a strong relationship between ghrelin and cardiovascular system function. Studies have also described the cardioprotective effects of ghrelin. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of ghrelin on the heart are not fully understood. A further deeper understanding of the role of ghrelin and future clinical studies are necessary to determine the diagnostic, prognostic, and possibly therapeutic significance of this biomarker.

About the authors

Amina M. Alieva

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Author for correspondence.
Email: amisha_alieva@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5416-8579
SPIN-code: 2749-6427

MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), assistant professor

Russian Federation, 1, Ostrovityanova st., Moscow, 117997

Tatyana V. Pinchuk

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Email: doktor2000@inbox.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7877-4407

MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), assistant professor

Russian Federation, 1, Ostrovityanova st., Moscow, 117997

Irina E. Baikova

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Email: 1498553@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0886-6290
SPIN-code: 3054-8884

MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), assistant professor

Russian Federation, 1, Ostrovityanova st., Moscow, 117997

Lidia M. Shnakhova

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University

Email: Shnakhova_I_m@staff.sechenov.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3000-0987
Russian Federation, Moscow

Kira V. Voronkova

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Email: kiravoronkova@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1111-6378
SPIN-code: 1636-7627

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), professor

Russian Federation, 1, Ostrovityanova st., Moscow, 117997

Ramiz K. Valiev

A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific and Practical Center

Email: Radiosurgery@bk.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1613-3716
SPIN-code: 2855-2867

MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)

Russian Federation, Moscow

Alik M. Rakhaev

Kh.M. Berbekov Kabardino-Balkarian State University

Email: alikrahaev@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9601-1174

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), professor

Russian Federation, Nalchik

Roza A. Arakelyan

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Email: Elmira.sharm@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, 1, Ostrovityanova st., Moscow, 117997

Marina R. Kalova

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Email: marina717717@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8949-4523
Russian Federation, 1, Ostrovityanova st., Moscow, 117997

Igor G. Nikitin

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Email: igor.nikitin.64@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1699-0881

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), professor

Russian Federation, 1, Ostrovityanova st., Moscow, 117997

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Copyright (c) 2022 Alieva A.M., Pinchuk T.V., Baikova I.E., Shnakhova L.M., Voronkova K.V., Valiev R.K., Rakhaev A.M., Arakelyan R.A., Kalova M.R., Nikitin I.G.

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