卷 55, 编号 5 (2019)

A new method is presented for statistical analysis of long-term time series of water level observations aimed at distinguishing short-term disturbances; observation data from the YuZ-5 well, located in the Petropavlovsk Geodynamic Test Area, eastern Kamchatka, are considered. These data (from July 27, 2012, to February 1, 2018) are remarkable for their degree of detail: the sampling rate of the water level and atmospheric pressure measurements was 5 min and the sensitivity (accuracy) was ±0.1 cm for water level recording and ±0.1 hPa for atmospheric pressure. Also, five strong earthquakes with M_w = 6.5–8.3 occurred at epicentral distances of d_e = 80–700 km during the observation period. A thorough analysis of the hydrodynamic regime of the observation well over a long period and the high quality of observation data, together with the data on strong seismic events, allow us to consider the possibility of using formalized statistical methods of water level data processing for diagnostics of anomalous conditions. As a result of factor and cluster analysis applied to the sequence of multidimensional vectors of the statistical properties of water level time series in successive one-day-long time windows, after adaptive compensation for atmospheric pressure, four different statistically significant states of time series, replacing each other in time, are distinguished. Geophysical interpretation of the anomalous conditions of the water level time series (with a probability of 0.013) is carried out in comparison to strong earthquakes, technical conditions of observations, and seasonal features of the hydrodynamic regime in the observation well. It is shown that this method of water level data processing can detect short-term anomalies in the hydrogeodynamic regime of a well, significantly supplementing traditional processing of water level data aimed mostly at finding low-frequency trends in water level changes. This method can be applied in geophysical monitoring and prediction of earthquakes from online processing of water level data in wells.

For geodynamically active regions of the Earth, the task of geophysical monitoring is very urgent; geodynamic processes act on geophysical properties and fields. A successful solution to the problem of separating a magnetotelluric field into endogenic and exogenic components allows detection of the moment of fissure initiation, but so far without localization of the active area. For such localization (as a first approximation, direction finding), it is possible to monitor the seismoacoustic field, which is also associated with fissuring. The article describes the development and testing of a three-axis gradient system for recording the seismoacoustic field. Its technical support and requirements are considered in detail. The article presents the results of testing the system at fixed stationary points of the Scientific Station of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Bishkek. Such a gradient system gives grounds to separate sources by the direction to them owing to the presence of a vertical and two transverse components.

The article presents the results of the first integrated geological and geophysical studies of the Sarma paleoseismic dislocation (PSD). Based on interpretation of sections of trench walls, analysis of shallow geophysics data (electric survey, seismic survey, ground-penetrating radar), and morphological profiling of microforms of the seismogenic relief, a conclusion has been reached on transpressional deformations. The displacement planes of the main reverse faults and thrusts dip to the northwest; minor ones, to the southeast. The kinematic characteristics of seismic movements indicate the formation of dislocations in the Primorsky fault zone under subhorizontal compression conditions.

This paper describes real-time data acquisition for a structure health monitoring solution called MINI-SMIK (sistema monitoringa inzhenernykh konstruktsii—structure health monitoring system). The configuration of the equipment in this work includes two IN120 inclinometers and a DC200 strainmeter. An RC Module MB77.07 single-board computer (SBC) in a special sealed enclosure is used to log and transmit data. The SBC receives data over an RS-485 link then converts it to the miniSEED format and transmits the measurements in real-time to the data center using the SEEDLink protocol. Data can be sent over a local area network or the Internet via wireless (e.g., cellular) networking. Encrypted virtual private networks (VPNs) have been used successfully for secure data transmission via public networks.

The article summarizes the available and newly collected data on the near-surface and deep structure and modern geodynamics of key regions of the northwest part of the Greater Caucasus. Models of the fault-block structure of this orogen and the nature of seismogenic displacements along the faults on its northwest pericline have been developed. The reasons for the abrupt change of the fold-block structure in the area of the Anapa seismogenerating flexural-fault zone are clarified. Detailed models of the near-surface and deep structure were constructed for a number of the most important seismogenerating structures in the Northwestern Caucasus that caused the Lower Kuban-II earthquake on November 9, 2002, with M = 4.7, and the Su-Psekh event on December 10, 2012, with M_w = 4.3, as well as the Pshekh earthquake on November 15, 2004 in Krasnodar krai with M = 4.6. Three-dimensional geodynamic and seismotectonic models of seismogenerating structures were constructed based on the results of field geological and geophysical surveys.

The article was written in conjunction with the 60th anniversary of the founding of the journal Voprosyinzhenernoy seismologii (Problems of Engineering Seismology) (ISSN: 0132-2826, eISSN: 2311-9586, http://elibrary.ru/title_about.asp?id=25597, URL: http://qes.ifz.ru, subscription index: 42350). The journal was founded by Sergey Vasilievich Medvedev (1910–1977), the foremost specialist in the field of engineering seismology, who was its editor-in-chief (managing editor) for 20 years. In this period, the foundations of national engineering seismology were laid, and the journal played a crucial role in the establishment and development of this science. Medvedev organized thematic issues in key areas of Russia’s emerging field of engineering seismology and published the results of his research in the journal, which determined for years ahead the further development of engineering seismology. He focused greatly on unifying data, their acquisition and processing, and he developed and published various instructions, recommendations, and research programs in the pages of the journal. The article considers Medvedev’s contribution as editor-in-chief and his own publications in advancing such areas of engineering seismology as seismic zoning of the USSR, seismic microzoning, creating scales for determining earthquake strength, and studying seismic ground vibrations during blasting, the impact of seismic oscillations on structures, and relationships between isoseists, depth, and energy of earthquakes.