Oxidative Damage and Antioxidant Response of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Pseudomonas putida and Rhodococcus erythropolis Bacteria during Antibiotic Treatment

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Abstract

In this work, oxidative damage and the level of antioxidant response in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Pseudomonas putida, and Rhodococcus erythropolis cells under the influence of such antibiotics as ampicillin, azithromycin, rifampicin, tetracycline, and ceftriaxone were studied. The level of protein carboxylation and lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione reductase (GR), and the level of glutathione 3 and 6 hours after antibiotic treatment of bacteria were assessed. It is observed that SOD induction occurs earlier and is more active than catalase induction. In A. calcoaceticus, SOD is induced together with protein carboxylation and probably protects them from oxidative damage, while catalase induction correlates with LPO. A positive correlation is also noted between catalase activity and glutathione content in R. erythropolis. Catalase activity increases insignificantly and even decreases under the studied antibiotics influence, which is associated with an insignificant level of lipid peroxidation in most prokaryotes. On the other hand, low catalase activity can contribute to genome destabilization as a result of oxidative stress and enhance the adaptive evolution of bacteria.

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About the authors

I. S. Sazykin

Southern Federal University

Email: samara@sfedu.ru
Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, 344090

A. A. Plotnikov

Southern Federal University

Email: samara@sfedu.ru
Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, 344090

O. D. Lanovaya

Southern Federal University

Email: samara@sfedu.ru
Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, 344090

K. A. Onasenko

Southern Federal University

Email: samara@sfedu.ru
Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, 344090

A. E. Polinichenko

Southern Federal University

Email: samara@sfedu.ru
Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, 344090

A. S. Mezga

Southern Federal University

Email: samara@sfedu.ru
Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, 344090

T. N. Azhogina

Southern Federal University

Email: samara@sfedu.ru
Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, 344090

A. R. Litsevich

Southern Federal University

Email: samara@sfedu.ru
Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, 344090

M. A. Sazykina

Southern Federal University

Author for correspondence.
Email: samara@sfedu.ru
Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, 344090

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. The content of carbonyl groups (nM phenylhydrazones/mg protein) in the proteins of the studied bacterial strains after treatment with antibiotics: 1 - control; 2 - azithromycin; 3 - ampicillin; 4 - rifampicin; 5 - tetracycline; 6 - ceftriaxone; a - 3 h, b - 6 h. * The differences are statistically significant at p < 0.05.

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3. Fig. 2. Lipid peroxidation (MDA, nM/ml) in the studied bacterial strains after treatment with antibiotics: 1 - control; 2 - azithromycin; 3 - ampicillin; 4 - rifampicin; 5 - tetracycline; 6 - ceftriaxone; a - 3 h, b - 6 h. * The differences are statistically significant at p < 0.05.

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4. Fig. 3. SOD activity (U/mg protein × min) under the influence of antibiotics on the studied bacterial strains: 1 — control; 2 — azithromycin; 3 — ampicillin; 4 — rifampicin; 5 — tetracycline; 6 — ceftriaxone; a — 3 h, b — 6 h. * Differences are statistically significant at p < 0.05.

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5. Fig. 4. Catalase activity (nM H2O2/mg protein) under the influence of antibiotics on the studied bacterial strains: 1 — control; 2 — azithromycin; 3 — ampicillin; 4 — rifampicin; 5 — tetracycline; 6 — ceftriaxone; a — 3 h, b — 6 h. * Differences are statistically significant at p < 0.05.

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6. Fig. 5. Glutathione concentration (μM GSH/g protein) upon exposure to antibiotics on the studied bacterial strains: 1 — control; 2 — azithromycin; 3 — ampicillin; 4 — rifampicin; 5 — tetracycline; 6 — ceftriaxone; a — 3 h, b — 6 h. * Differences are statistically significant at p < 0.05.

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7. Fig. 6. Glutathione reductase activity (IU GR/g protein) upon exposure to antibiotics on the studied bacterial strains: 1 — control, without antibiotic; 2 — azithromycin; 3 — ampicillin; 4 — rifampicin; 5 — tetracycline; 6 — ceftriaxone; a — 3 h, b — 6 h. * Differences are statistically significant at p < 0.05.

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8. Fig. 7. Correlation between the activity of antioxidant enzymes and oxidative damage to bacterial cell components in the studied strains (significant values ​​are highlighted in color, p < 0.05). A — SOD, B — catalase, C — GSH, D — GR, D — protein carboxylation, E — LPO.

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