Том 58, № 12 (2016)

The operational capabilities and efficiency of the method of preference aggregation applied to generated sets of normal and uniformly distributed random data from interlaboratory comparisons are compared with traditional approaches.

We present the methodological basis of forming test signals to assess the efficiency and accuracy characteristics of information-measuring systems for monitoring seismic events. The systems function by controlling the polarization parameters of seismic waves. We recommend a choice for the parameter set in the test signal depending on the phase type of the seismic wave.

We develop a technique for stochastic prediction of the drift duration of technical parameters of objects within tolerances, using geometric and exponential probability distribution laws. We consider the application of this methodology when estimating the duration of the calibration interval of platinum resistance thermometers.

The strategy of centerless measurement of the roundness of parts on the basis of a new mathematical model is evaluated. Through the use of the strategy, it becomes possible to minimize the systematic error. Results of modeling and measurement that confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach are presented.

A new optoelectronic measurement system for a high-temperature dilatometer for measuring the thermal expansion of solid samples over a wide temperature range from 1000–3000 K is described. A new method is proposed for measuring the elongation of a sample with corrections for the system parameters during the measurement process. Experimental results are reported.

A mathematical model is developed for the errors in measuring the thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity of thermally insulating materials using the theory of heat conduction. A method is created for selection of optimal heat pulse duration, conditions for processing of experimental data, and basic design size of a measuring instrument.

A design of a dynamic aerosol chamber with photometric principle of operation for measurements of the concentration of particles of aerosol created by sprayers of solutions of compounds used for different purposes is proposed. Based on the results of tests, the proposed design may be employed in practical applications and, with little time and effort, the design may be used to obtain reliable data in tests of different types of sprayers.

Methods and equipment are considered for automated checking of rotary encoder accuracy using high-precision transducers and accurate devices for their integration, as well as a method of compensating for certain checking errors. An improved test stand is presented that provides improved rotary encoder calibration accuracy.

The free oscillations of the Earth excited by one of the strongest earthquakes of the past decade (Japan, 2011) are analyzed using strain data obtained with precision laser interferometer-strain meters located in the North Caucasus (near Elbrus) and in Crimea (Sevastopol). Theoretical (PREM model) and observed oscillatory modes (North Caucasus) are compared.

We describe a measuring transducer of electrical conductivity of liquids, used both under laboratory conditions and also for the study of ocean processes (under natural conditions). The transducer is represented in the form of a separate unit for laboratory investigations, which can be used as part of a deep-water hydraulic probe. For an example of different processes and flows, at the IPMekh RAN laboratory of fluid mechanics it has been shown that a small-scale transducer has a high speed and high spatial resolution.

Work on improving the national primary standard for the unit of the coefficient of linear thermal expansion for solids in order to extend the temperature range from 1800 to 3000 K is described. The composition and metrological characteristics of the standard are discussed, as well as methods for measuring the elongation of test samples and an improved system for transfer of the unit from the standard to working means of measurement.

A technique based on measurement of the active voltage in a low-inductance section of a discharge circuit with two interelectrode gaps in a three-gap gas discharge generator of aerosol is developed for use in determining energy release in a pulsed gas discharge in short interelectrode gaps. It is shown that the efficiency of energy release increases as the number of serially connected electrodes is increased.

A method of measuring the dielectric properties of strongly absorbing substances from the reflection of electromagnetic radiation produced by the substances is proposed. The method is based on the use in the measuring circuit of a four-wave nonabsorbing dielectric plate situated a controlled distance from the surface of the measured substance.

A method of measurement of the velocity of ultrasonic vibrations in structural units made of concrete by means of ultrasonic phased antenna arrays without the use of samples is described. In the methods signals are processed by means of a plane focusing algorithm designed for the detection of reflecting planes. Results of measurements of the velocity of ultrasound in concrete are presented.

A technique for the measurement of the equilibrium absolute adsorption of gases, in particular, of natural gas (methane), at pressures up to 10 MPa, is proposed. A plant for use in performing the measurements by means of a volumetric method is described. Estimators of the measurement errors are presented. Adsorption isotherms of methane by AU-1Sh miroporous carbon matter in the range of pressures 10^–7–10 MPa and temperatures in the range 178–360 K are obtained by means of the proposed technique.