Vol 61, No 11 (2019)

The metrological characteristics of GET 217–2018, the State Primary Standard of the unit of mass fraction and unit of mass (Molar) concentration of inorganic components in aqueous solutions based on gravimetric and spectral methods, are presented. The composition and operating principle of GET 217–2018 and the method used in reproduction and transmission of the two units are described. Information about international key comparisons is presented.

The principles of operation and the composition of instruments incorporated into GET 156–2015, the State Primary Standard of the unit of spectral regular transmittance, unit of spectral diffuse reflectance, and unit of spectral specular reflectance in the wavelength range from 0.2 to 20.0 μm are described. The instruments are designed for reproduction and transmission of the specular regular transmittance, spectral diffuse reflectance, and spectral specular reflectance in the wavelength range from 0.2 to 20.0 μm.

New methods and devices for pneumatic batching and control of a flow of granular materials are analyzed and described. Atypical approaches to the creation of the control algorithms are considered. Constructions of the actuating devices for volume systems and regulation of the rate of flow are proposed. Results of experimental investigations of automatic volume dosing devices (batchers) are presented. Recommendations for the selection of the structural and regime parameters of automatic volume batchers are given.

The structure and principle of creation of a standard for the spatial-power characteristics of pulsed laser radiation are examined, and problems solved with its aid are enumerated. Measurement results of spatial-energy characteristics (beam width, angle of divergence, centroid coordinates) of pulsed laser radiation are presented. Errors of conversion of the units of width and angle of divergence of the laser beam, as well as the total error of the standard, are estimated.

Significant discrepancies in estimates of the Hubble constant are discussed in terms of the measurementproblem of calibrating the cosmological distance scale. It is shown that representing the Freedman–Robertson–Walker problem by a 3rd order Taylor expansion with respect to the criterion of minimal error inthe inadequacy is not optimal in terms of accuracy. An anisotropic 2nd order model based on the Heckmannrepresentation is more accurate.

A method for measurement of the parameters of the amplitude directional pattern of the antenna feeder devices of navigation space vehicles from the Earth’s surface is considered. Preliminary calculations of segments of the solid figure of the amplitude directional pattern of the vehicle’s antenna-feeder device are performed. The results of the calculations demonstrate the efficiency of the method.

A method is proposed for measuring the parameters of surface microrelief of machine parts by optical-electronic and computer means. The method is based on calculating the parameters of a two-dimensional auto-correlation function constructed from a binary image of the microrelief under study. It is established that the most informative characteristic of the studied microrelief of surfaces of precision parts, which significantly differ from each other with a given roughness recognition probability, is the average amplitude of the variable component of the autocorrelation function. The results of determining the parameters of the studied surface microrelief using quasi-optimal correlation algorithms are presented.

We briefly describe the special considerations that must be taken into account in experimental aerodynamics when using videogrammetry for non-intrusive measurement of distributed geometric parameters describing the position, movement, and deformation of objects. We also describe the specific characteristics of corrections due to image distortion and calibration in videogrammetry measurement systems. We discuss three conceptual systems for measurements using a single digital camera.

A procedure is presented for measurements of the spectral irradiance of deuterium lamps in the wavelength range 200–400 nm with unit reproduction using a high-temperature blackbody model. It is shown that the expanded measurement uncertainty varies between 1.6–6.9%. The measurement results were confirmed with calibrations between VNIIOFI (Russia) and PTB (Germany). The divergence of the results obtained by the two laboratories does not exceed 2%.

We propose a method for the recovery of input signals of eddy-current displacement transducers under thermal-shock action. The recovery of the input signals was performed with correction of the output data of a primary measuring transducer. The procedure of correction is based on the methods of identification of nonlinear dynamic systems described by the discrete Volterra series.

We consider some (earlier neglected) uncertainties of temperature measurements that may appear in the course of calibration of radiation thermometers (pyrometers) aimed at measuring temperatures within the range 1234.93–3273.15 K. It is shown that one of these uncertainties is connected with the difference between the spectral transfer functions of the interference filter of the calibrated pyrometer and the monochromator of a working temperature standard. The other uncertainty is caused by the asymmetry of the spectral transfer function of the pyrometer about the central wavelength of its passband.