Structural and Functional Basis of Chronic Disorders of Consciousnes

Abstract

The problem of chronic disorders of consciousness (DOC) remains challenging due to increasing number of these patients and limited therapeutic options. Novel diagnostic approaches provided us with valuable insights into the mechanisms of DOC, such as structural and/or functional disconnection of elements of brain networks that are essential for information processing. Depending on the modality of the study, it may be represented as low-frequency EEG patterns, global or regional decrease of cortical metabolism on PET scanning, abnormal connectivity structural or functional MRI, or low-differentiated/disintegrated TMS-EEG responses. Deeper knowledge of nature of abnormalities underlying chronic DOC may improve accuracy of diagnosis and efficacy of treatment interventions, as well as bring us somewhat closer to the understanding the phenomenon of consciousness.