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Том 51, № 6 (2017)
- Год: 2017
- Статей: 8
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/0361-5219/issue/view/10840
Article
Moisture-holding capacity of coals
Аннотация
As a result of a comprehensive study of 63 samples of coal concentrates (from Ukraine, Russia and countries outside the former Soviet Union), it was established that the prediction of the moisture-holding capacity of coals can be appropriately performed according to their values of Wa, R0, Oddaf, and Osdaf. It was found that the oxidation of coal increased its moisture-holding capacity; however, in this case, the absolute change in this parameter was smaller than the error of its determination (0.5%). Therefore, upon the oxidation of almost 30% of the organic matter of coal, the moisture-holding capacity increased by only 0.4%. There is a close correlation between the maximum moisture capacity of coals and the water pore volume, and this correlation was described by a linear equation in the studies.
337-348
Oil shale as a promising source of raw materials for advanced solid fossil fuel technologies
Аннотация
Information on the chemical nature and structure of the organic matter of oil shale from different deposits, the composition and distribution of mineral impurities in the volume of oil shale, and the elemental composition of the organic matter is considered in this article. It was found that the composition and properties of oil shale from different deposits are essentially different, and significant differences can also be observed within the limits of a deposit. Oil shale from some deposits contain trace impurity elements such as uranium, molybdenum, vanadium, and rhenium. In a number of cases, the concentrations of such impurities are increased, and their extraction can be of industrial interest.
349-354
Chemical composition and physicochemical characteristics of shale tar from the Kotsebinskoe deposit
Аннотация
The chemical composition of shale tar from the Kotsebinskoe deposit in Saratov oblast was established. The following its physicochemical characteristics were studied: density, total sulfur content, refractive index, calorific value, and relative viscosity. Based on the experimental data, the areas of application of the shale tar as a plasticizing agent for bitumen emulsions and as fuel upon the preliminary removal of sulfur compounds were proposed.
355-357
Emission control in the combustion of coal–water and organic coal–water fuels
Аннотация
Promising methods for decreasing anthropogenic emissions due to the combustion of coals of different ranks and coal–water fuel (CWF) and organic coal–water fuel (OCWF) slurries on their basis are considered. The maximum concentrations of the main anthropogenic emissions of sulfur, nitrogen, and carbon oxides (SOx, NOx, and COx) formed upon the combustion of solid fuels in a powdered state and as the components of CWF and OCWF slurries were determined. The concentrations of the most hazardous oxides formed upon the combustion of coals of different ranks (brown and black coals) and CWF and OCWF slurries were compared. The experimental results substantiated the use of CWF and OCWF slurries for emission control in coal-burning power engineering. The addition of a combustible liquid component to a CWF slurry (the production of an OCWF slurry) makes it possible to ensure acceptable environmental and energy characteristics.
358-364
Application of modified iron-containing catalysts and preliminary ozonization of coal from the Shubarkol deposit to the hydrogenation of this coal
Аннотация
The results of the hydrogenation processing of coal from the Shubarkol deposit in the presence of natural bauxites from the Turgai deposit in the Republic of Kazakhstan are reported. With the use of a sample of bauxite containing 23.7% Fe2O3 as a catalyst, a higher yield of liquid products (54.2%) was obtained, as compared with those on other bauxite samples (49.5–53.8%). It was established that the modification of catalysts containing iron with elemental sulfur additives (0.75–1.25%) makes it possible to increase the yield of liquid products to 62.3–67.3%. A positive role of the preliminary ozonization of coal, which makes it possible to increase the yield of total liquid products upon hydrogenation by 13.3% in comparison with the yield of liquid products obtained with the use of coal not treated with ozone, was demonstrated.
365-369
Thermal decomposition and combustion of biofuels
Аннотация
The results concerning the thermal decomposition and combustion of hydrolytic lignin, spruce, and the organic components of wood in a fixed-bed reactor are reported. Data on the emitted gas components and fine particles were acquired. The formation of gas components from spruce exhibited a maximum in a temperature range of 430–450°C. This temperature range corresponds to the completion of the release of volatile substances and to the char oxidation. For the different test materials, the thermal decomposition and combustion processes were accompanied by the formation of a large amount of particles. Nanoparticles having a diameter below 0.1 μm dominate.
370-378
Use of peat for the manufacture of products based on humic acids
Аннотация
The results of studies on the development of the following peat preparations for different purposes are represented: concentrated liquid humic fertilizers with trace elements, humic dyes for wood, textiles, and leather, a rust solvent, a leaching reagent for the production of rare and nonferrous metals, and a peat preparation for phytoextraction in the cleaning of territories contaminated by heavy metals.
379-384
The peat fund of the Republic of Belarus
Аннотация
In this article, new problems related to an increase in the operational effectiveness of the peat sector of the Republic of Belarus are formulated and new approaches to its further development in scientific and practical aspects are demonstrated. The new composition of the peat fund classified according to the directions of its development in the near future is reported. An analysis of new production based on peat developed at the Institute for Nature Management, Belarussian Academy of Sciences was performed with the recognition of the applicability parameters of the used raw materials. The sufficiency of the peat resources suitable for the new technologies of complex peat processing with the production of called-for materials was evaluated.
385-395