Vol 50, No 2 (2016)

The structural elements of the organic matter and the composition of an anthracite sample from the Gukovo-Gryaznovskoe deposit in Rostov oblast were considered. The process of layer coal gasification was studied at atmospheric and elevated pressures.

The heat treatment of the natural bitumens of Kazakhstan was carried out in the presence of a catalyst of power-generating ash microspheres and di-tert-butyl peroxide. Changes in the substantial and fractional compositions of cracking products depending on process conditions were established. Characteristic differences in the composition of liquid cracking products in the presence of the catalyst and the additive from the cracking products of the initial bitumen were found.

Data on the liquid product composition of the thermal degradation of the organic matter of an oil shale sample from the Chim-Loptyugskoe deposit in benzene under supercritical conditions in temperature ranges to 200, 200–300, and 300–400°C were acquired with the use of a set of analytical methods. It was found that the concentration of tar–asphaltene substances in the pyrolyzates decreased with temperature; in the structure of these substances, the fraction of aromatic fragments increased and the fraction of aliphatic fragments decreased. The fraction of polar compounds in the composition of oil components decreased.

The process for the production of a sorbent upon the carbonization of low-ash brown coal in a fluidized bed in a temperature range of 700–850°C was studied. The dependences of the main characteristics of the sorbent on temperature and the fraction of processed coal were found. The characteristics of the lignite sorbent obtained by the TERMOKOKS-KS technology are presented.

The results of the experimental studies allowed us to assume that the process characteristics determined by the wettability of coal (dust suppression, hydraulic fracturing, coal washing, etc.) may be insensitive to the acid–base composition of utilized water in a range of pH 4.6–10.

Data on the introduction of bromine atoms into the structure of humic acids isolated from the peat of Tver oblast and the brown coal of the Moscow Basin were generalized, and a comparative analysis of relevant methods was performed. It was shown that the test humic acids are similar in terms of structural parameters and demonstrate similar behaviors in the processes of bromination and hydrobromination. The dependences of the structural parameters of bromine-containing humic preparations on the mass fraction of bromine in them were obtained; correlations between the yields of humic preparations from the peat and the brown coal in the course of modifications were found; and the possible reaction paths of the bromination and hydrobromination processes were discussed. The biological activity of the bromine-containing humic preparations was tested, and its direct dependence on the mass fractions of bromine and phenolic hydroxyls in the humic preparations was found. It was shown that the modification of peat humic acids by hydrobromination is preferable for the production of biologically active humic preparations.