Substantiation of machine and tractor fleet compositions and their efficiency on the basis of universal mobile power facilities for the main regions of the South of Russia

Technical equipment of agro-industrial production of the Russian Federation has a steady tendency to deterioration of its condition due to aging technology both physically and morally. This may very soon directly threaten the country's food security. The situation can be normalized on the basis of a wide application of solutions based on the maximum universalization of the village. equipment, primarily mobile power facilities, and the ability of units to carry out a wide list of works on their basis - from tillage to harvesting. Such developments are carried out both by leading foreign firms and in the territory of the Russian Federation, in particular, at the FSUE ANC «Donskoy», a unit of North Caucasus institute of agricultural mechanization and electrification (formerly VNIPTIMESH) together with OJSC «Gomselmash» (Belarus). This paper presents the results of assessing the feasibility of using universal power tools with special technological adapters in the southern zone of the Rostov region; Each zone is represented as farms, with crop rotations typical for it and with three arable land sizes of 1250, 2500, 5000 hectares. The implementation of mechanized work is carried out using serial equipment (basic version) and a combination of serial equipment and the inclusion in the composition of alternatives of universal energy means, with a set of technological adapters for harvesting grain crops, corn for silage and grass for haylage. As a result, the composition of the machine and tractor fleet and performance indicators of model farms were calculated. The improvement of the main indicators of efficiency in the application of a universal energy tool with a set of technological adapters is observed in all the models under consideration. The reduction in direct operating costs is up to 22 % in comparison with machine and tractor fleet based on serial equipment, the reduction in the cost of the car park is up to 29 %, the growth of net discounted income is up to 26 %.

machine and tractor fleet, energy tool, versatility, model farming, model crop rotation, optimization