Improving the shape of the edge curve of rotary cultivator knives (Part 1: compliance of the edge curve with the condition of weeds coming off it)

Cover Page

Cite item

Full Text

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The cutting edge of a modern rotary cultivator knife has a complex shape of a spatial curved line and should perform the process of soil cutting with minimal energy consumption and without becoming clogged with weeds. Due to the complexity of the curve shape, a method for analyzing it for fulfilling the condition of weed removal has not been developed yet, which hinders the determination of directions for its improvement.

AIM: Development of a methodology for analyzing the shape of the edge curve of the blade of spatial knives of rotary cultivators to meet the condition of weeds coming off them.

METHODS: The design of the study included: development of a methodology for analyzing the shape of the edge curve of the blades of spatial knives of rotary cultivators; testing of the methodology during the analysis of standard Japanese and Chinese knives.

The objects of the study were the shapes of the edge curves of standard Japanese and Chinese knives. The studies were conducted during 2023 and 2024.

RESULTS: A method for analyzing the shape of the edge curve of the blade of spatial knives of rotary cultivators to meet the condition of weeds coming off them has been developed. Examples of its application for analyzing the shapes of the edge curves of the blades of standard Japanese and Chinese knives are given. A pattern of changes in the wedge angle along the length of their blades was found, and areas of the blades under study with difficulty in removing weeds from them were identified.

CONCLUSION: The proposed method allows quick analysis of the shape of the edge curve of the blades of rotary cultivators to meet the condition of weed removal from it, and identifying areas of the blade from which weed removal is difficult.

About the authors

Anatoliy B. Kudzaev

Gorsky State Agrarian University

Author for correspondence.
Email: akudzaev@rambler.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5973-9932
SPIN-code: 2310-4400

Dr. Sci. (Engineering), Professor of the Technical Systems in Agribusiness Department

Russian Federation, Vladikavkaz

Rita V. Kalagova

North Ossetian State Medical Academy

Email: kudzaevaf@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0000-6670-8704
SPIN-code: 2930-6180

Dr. Sci. (Chemistry), Assistant professor of the Chemistry and Physics Department

Russian Federation, Vladikavkaz

References

  1. Global Rotary Cultivator Market Size by Type, by Application, by Geographic Scope and Forecast. Verified Market Research. Report ID: 262691, 2024. [internet] Accessed: 22.01.2025. Available from: https://www.verifiedmarketresearch.com/product/rotary-cultivator-market/
  2. Taio Co., LTD. Taio Tillage Blades. [internet] Accessed: 22.01.2025. Available from: https://www.k-taiyo.co.jp/en/business/
  3. Kobashi. Tiller Blades. [internet] Accessed: 22.01.2025. Available from: https://www.kobashiindustries.com/en/product_crow/
  4. Sakai J, Shibata J, Tagushi T. Design Theory of Edge-Curves for Rotary Blades of Tractors. Journal of the Japanese Society of Agricultural Machinery. 1976;38(2):183–190. doi: 10.11357/jsam1937.38.183
  5. Sakai J. Designing Process and Theories of Rotary Blades for Better Rotary Tillage (Pt.1). Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly. 1978;12(2):86–93.
  6. Sakai J. Designing Process and Theories of Rotary Blades for Better Rotary Tillage (Pt. 2). Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly. 1978;12(4):198–204
  7. Japanese Industrial Standard Blades for Tillers. Jis B 9210-1988. Date of Notice in Official Gazette 1988-07-04. Accessed: 22.01.2025. Available from: https://ia802905.us.archive.org/26/items/jis.b.9210.e.1988/jis.b.9210.e.1988.pdf
  8. GB/T 5669-2017. Rotary Tiller – Rotary blades and blade holders. National Standard of China. [internet] Accessed: 22.01.2025. Available from: http://c.gb688.cn/bzgk/gb/showGb?type=online&hcno=C4B7105A94E886B2D0DA8C509510F3CF
  9. ICS 65.060.20. Blades for Rotary Tiller (Rotavator) – Power Tiller/Tractor Driven – Specification. Second Revision of IS 6690. Doc. FAD 11(26579)WC. Accessed: 22.01.2025. Available from: https://www.services.bis.gov.in/tmp/WCFAD30326579_17092024_2.pdf
  10. Ju J-S, Luan J-M, Cheng C-W. Trajectory Angles and Cultivating Dynamics for Tiller Blades. Journal of Agricultural Machinery. 2004;13(1):1–15. doi: 10.30062/JAM.200403.0001
  11. Tharoon T, Tharanitharan G, Tamilselvam P, Aravind Raj A. Design and Fabrication of Rotary Tiller Blade. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET). 2017;04[(1.4(1)]:1007–1012. Accessed: 22.01.2025. Available from: https://www.irjet.net/archives/V4/i1/IRJET-V4I1176.pdf
  12. Ma C, Yi S, Tao G. A Rotary Blade Design for Paddy Fields with long Rice Straw based on Edem. Engenharia Agricola. 2023;43(3). doi: 10.1590/1809-4430-Eng.Agric.v43n3e20220062/2023
  13. Li ST, Yang L, Niu P, et al. Design and Study on the Edge Curve of Blade of Handheld Tillers Rotary Blade. INMATEH-Agricultural Engineering. 2016;50(3). Accessed: 22.01.2025. Available from: https://oaji.net/articles/2016/1672-1481888681.pdf
  14. Mahmud MT, Rahman MT, Hossain MM, Rabbani MA. Effect of rotary blade modification on residue retention into conservation agriculture practices. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal 2020;22(4):102–109. Accessed: 22.01.2025. Available from: https://cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/6181/3437 EDN: IYKOYA
  15. Zhu H, He X, Shang S, et al. Evaluation of Soil-Cutting and Plant-Crushing Performance of Rotary Blades with Double-Eccentric Circular-Edge Curve for Harvesting Cyperus esculentus. Agriculture. 2022(12):862. doi: 10.3390/agriculture12060862 EDN: DTHUKW
  16. Chertkiattipol S, Niyamapa T, Jantaradach W, Saensuwan K. The performance of rotary power tiller using prototype rotary blades in dry-landfield. Maejo International Journal of Science and Technology. 2008;1(Special Issue):17–26. Accessed: 22.01.2025. Available from: http://www.mijst.mju.ac.th/vol2/S17-26.pdf
  17. Goryachkin V.P. Zemledel’cheskaya mechanica. Sobranie sochinenij: v 3-h t. [Agricultural mechanics. Collected works: in 3 vols]. Moscow: Kolos; 1968;1. (In Russ.)
  18. Goryachkin VP. Wedge theory (fragment from the manuscripts). Collected works: in 3 vols. Moscow: Kolos; 1968;2:381–388. (In Russ.)
  19. Sineokov GN. Design of Soil Tillage Machines. Moscow: Mashinostroenie; 1965. (In Russ.)
  20. Patent USSR № 982552. Zelenskij SA, Kanarev FM. Knife of Rotary Soil Tillage Machine. EDN: WKTVMK
  21. Kanarev FM. Rotary Soil Tillage Machines and Implements. Moscow: Mashinostroenie; 1983. (In Russ.)
  22. Patent USSR № 279219 / 21.08.1970. Grinchuk IM, Golov GF, Zhurkin VK, et al. Knife of Rotary Soil Tillage Machine. EDN: CQSZSP
  23. Dranyaev SB, Chatkin MN, Koryavin SM. Modeling the operation of a screw L-shaped knife of a tiller. Tractors and Agricultural Machinery. 2017;(7):13–19. doi: 10.17816/0321-4443-66315 (In Russ.)
  24. Matushchenko AE, Zhigailov FY. Investigation of the Geometric Shape of the Soil Milling Knife. Works of the Kuban state agrarian university. 2022;184:155–163. (In Russ.) doi: 10.21515/1990-4665-184-013 EDN: WNIJND
  25. Kudzaev AB. Comparison of different blade shapes of rectilinearly moving soil tillage tools. Tractors and Agricultural Machinery. 2023;90(4):337–349. doi: 10.17816/0321-4443-321315 (In Russ.) EDN: RPSNLK
  26. Kudzaev AB, Kalagova RV. The method for comparing different blade shapes of flat knives of a rotary cultivator. Tractors and Agricultural Machinery. 2024;91(3):317–330. doi: 10.17816/0321-4443-625551 (In Russ.) EDN: NKWGBI

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML
Download
2. Fig. 1. Schemes for determining the wedge angle of points of a curved blade: a, at rectilinear motion; b, flat blade at plane–parallel motion; с, spatial blade at plane-parallel motion.

Download (391KB)
Indexing metadata
3. Fig. 2. Diagrams of standard knives: а, Japanese knife; b, Chinese knife.

Download (235KB)
Indexing metadata
4. Fig. 3. Diagrams for determining the parameters of the edge curve of the knife blade: а, diagram for constructing the edge curve on the plane; b, diagram for determining the coordinates of the points of the beginning and end of the transition section; c, d, diagrams for determining the coordinates of the unit vectors of the points of the edge curve on the plane (c) and in space (d).

Download (319KB)
Indexing metadata
5. Fig. 4. Diagram of one of the generic fasteners for Japanese knives of a rotary cultivator.

Download (99KB)
Indexing metadata
6. Fig. 5. The dependence of the values of the wedge angle on the solution angle of a generic knife of the 245 mm size at the rotational velocity of the cultivator shaft n=250 RPM, the translational velocity of the machine km/h: а, Japanese type I; b, Japanese type III; c, Chinese type I; d, Chinese type II; 1, sections of the curved edge of the blade where the weed removal condition is not fulfilled in the case under consideration.

Download (399KB)
Indexing metadata

Copyright (c) 2025 Eco-Vector

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
 


Согласие на обработку персональных данных

 

Используя сайт https://journals.rcsi.science, я (далее – «Пользователь» или «Субъект персональных данных») даю согласие на обработку персональных данных на этом сайте (текст Согласия) и на обработку персональных данных с помощью сервиса «Яндекс.Метрика» (текст Согласия).