Systematization of steam cultivators

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: When applied to the soil during the cultivation process, the moisture and air permeability of the layer improves, which favors the activity of microorganisms and the growth and development of plants. The increase in the yield of agricultural crop production directly depends on the level of technology of the new generation machinery. Therefore, the improvement of their designs in order to increase the level of technology of the new generation machinery is a relevant task of the agricultural industry.

OBJECTIVE: Systematization and ordering of known designs of steam cultivators, identification of their advantages and disadvantages.

METHODS: The method of monographic examination of the structures of steam cultivators, both the machine as a whole and the main working bodies separately, was used on the basis of well-known scientific studies and the results of state tests. Thus, the really working steam cultivators recommended for use in agricultural production were considered. In addition, the patented designs of the working bodies of steam cultivators were analyzed. The efficiency of steam cultivators was determined based on the results of state tests of the Povolzhsky, Northwestern, Siberian, Kuban, North Caucasian, Central Chernozem, Kirov, Vladimir machinery testing stations over the past 10 years.

RESULTS: The paper contains a review of steam cultivators and their designs. The classification of cultivators by 3 types is given: by the type of main working bodies (paws); by the type of additional working bodies (rollers, harrows, rods); by the type of attachment to the tractor (trailed, mounted). Their advantages and disadvantages are considered. A review of studies on improving the designs of steam cultivators to improve the tillage quality and to reduce energy consumption for tillage is given. The working bodies (paws), the frame parts for mounting the main working bodies, the strut and the design of additional working bodies of steam cultivators are being modernized. Theoretical studies on improving the efficiency of cultivators are considered. The conditions for achieving and improving the tillage quality with a steam cultivator are revealed by determining the relationship of parameters with the indicators of the technological process. The application of computer simulation modeling in solving theoretical problems of study of the new working bodies is considered, advantages and disadvantages are revealed.

CONCLUSIONS: The systematization of steam cultivators presented in this paper is helpful to determine ways to further improvement of them.

About the authors

Galina G. Parkhomenko

“Donskoy” Agricultural Research Center

Email: parkhomenko.galya@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1944-216X
SPIN-code: 6048-2834

Cand. Sci. (Engineering), Leading Researcher of the Crop Farming Mechanization Department of the Laboratory of Field Crop Farming Mechanization

Russian Federation, Zernograd

Sergey I. Kambulov

“Donskoy” Agricultural Research Center; Don State Technical University

Email: kambulov.s@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8712-1478
SPIN-code: 3854-2942

Dr. Sci. (Engineering), Associate Professor, Chief Researcher of the Crop Farming Mechanization Department of the Laboratory of Field Crop Farming Mechanization; Professor of the Technologies and Equipment for Processing Agricultural Products Department

Russian Federation, Zernograd; Rostov-on-Don

Dmitry S. Podlesny

“Donskoy” Agricultural Research Center; Don State Technical University

Email: podlesniy.dmitri@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6069-138X
SPIN-code: 5168-1664

Leading Engineer of the Crop Farming Mechanization Department of the Laboratory of Field Crop Farming Mechanization; Senior Lecturer of the Technologies and Equipment for Processing Agricultural Products Department

Russian Federation, Zernograd; Rostov-on-Don

Victor B. Rykov

“Donskoy” Agricultural Research Center; Don State Technical University

Email: rikovvb@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1358-9312
SPIN-code: 8328-6310

Dr. Sci. (Engineering), Associate Professor, Chief Researcher of the Crop Farming Mechanization Department of the Laboratory of Field Crop Farming Mechanization; Professor of the Technologies and Equipment for Processing Agricultural Products Department

Russian Federation, Zernograd; Rostov-on-Don

Oleg A. Polushkin

Don State Technical University

Email: polushckinol@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4070-8121
SPIN-code: 3332-4049

Dr. Sci. (Engineering), Professor, Professor of the Machinery and Technology of Food Production Department

Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don

Igor A. Khozyaev

Don State Technical University

Author for correspondence.
Email: khozyayev00@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3821-2634
SPIN-code: 3033-8771

Dr. Sci. (Engineering), Professor, Professor of the Machinery and Technology of Food Production Department

Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don

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2. Категории обрабатываемых данных: файлы «cookies» (куки-файлы). Файлы «cookie» – это небольшой текстовый файл, который веб-сервер может хранить в браузере Пользователя. Данные файлы веб-сервер загружает на устройство Пользователя при посещении им Сайта. При каждом следующем посещении Пользователем Сайта «cookie» файлы отправляются на Сайт Оператора. Данные файлы позволяют Сайту распознавать устройство Пользователя. Содержимое такого файла может как относиться, так и не относиться к персональным данным, в зависимости от того, содержит ли такой файл персональные данные или содержит обезличенные технические данные.

3. Цель обработки персональных данных: анализ пользовательской активности с помощью сервиса «Яндекс.Метрика».

4. Категории субъектов персональных данных: все Пользователи Сайта, которые дали согласие на обработку файлов «cookie».

5. Способы обработки: сбор, запись, систематизация, накопление, хранение, уточнение (обновление, изменение), извлечение, использование, передача (доступ, предоставление), блокирование, удаление, уничтожение персональных данных.

6. Срок обработки и хранения: до получения от Субъекта персональных данных требования о прекращении обработки/отзыва согласия.

7. Способ отзыва: заявление об отзыве в письменном виде путём его направления на адрес электронной почты Оператора: info@rcsi.science или путем письменного обращения по юридическому адресу: 119991, г. Москва, Ленинский просп., д.32А

8. Субъект персональных данных вправе запретить своему оборудованию прием этих данных или ограничить прием этих данных. При отказе от получения таких данных или при ограничении приема данных некоторые функции Сайта могут работать некорректно. Субъект персональных данных обязуется сам настроить свое оборудование таким способом, чтобы оно обеспечивало адекватный его желаниям режим работы и уровень защиты данных файлов «cookie», Оператор не предоставляет технологических и правовых консультаций на темы подобного характера.

9. Порядок уничтожения персональных данных при достижении цели их обработки или при наступлении иных законных оснований определяется Оператором в соответствии с законодательством Российской Федерации.

10. Я согласен/согласна квалифицировать в качестве своей простой электронной подписи под настоящим Согласием и под Политикой обработки персональных данных выполнение мною следующего действия на сайте: https://journals.rcsi.science/ нажатие мною на интерфейсе с текстом: «Сайт использует сервис «Яндекс.Метрика» (который использует файлы «cookie») на элемент с текстом «Принять и продолжить».