The technology of cabbage harvesting with the use of the multiple-option harvester and the economic assessment of it

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Abstract

BACKGROUND. In modern vegetable growing, mainly in conditions of small forms of management, low-cost technical means adapted to different agrotechnical and production conditions are the most in demand. Such a technical means, in particular, is a multivariate cabbage harvester of block design developed at the Chuvash State Agrarian University.

AIMS – identification of the features of the technology of harvesting cabbage with the use of a new cabbage harvester and its economic evaluation by use cases.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. The layout of a multivariate cabbage harvester is provided in three versions with the ability to clean cabbage heads according to various technological schemes: shipment of cabbages in bulk to the body of the vehicle; shipment of cabbages to containers installed in the body of a tractor transport unit; shipment of cabbages first on a flexible flooring or on the web of a belt conveyor installed in the body of a tractor trolley over containers; distribution the flow of heads along the body of a tractor vehicle using longitudinal conveyors of the lower or upper location and with the subsequent transfer of heads from them to containers manually. It is proposed to choose the named technological schemes of cabbage harvesting with the use of a multivariate combine harvester on the farm based on the prevailing agrotechnical and production conditions, taking into account labor, direct and reduced costs, given in the work by calculation.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Based on the results of economic calculations, labor costs, operating costs and reduced costs are established according to the proposed schemes for harvesting cabbage with the use of a multivariate combine. The proposed cabbage harvesting options are economical in terms of labor costs, operating costs and reduced costs compared to the basic option (in-line harvesting).

CONCLUSIONS. It is recommended to apply a specific scheme for harvesting cabbage using a multivariate combine based on the agrotechnical and production conditions in the farm, taking into account the results of the economic assessment.

About the authors

Aleksey S. Alatyrev

Chuvash State Agrarian University

Email: Leha.alatyrev@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3059-9352
SPIN-code: 8101-2562
Scopus Author ID: 57215008050
ResearcherId: HLH-1108-2023

Cand. Sci. (Tech.), Associate Professor of the Transport and Technological Machines and Complexes Department

Russian Federation, 29 K. Marxa street, 428034 Cheboksary

Irina S. Kruchinkina

Chuvash State Agrarian University

Email: irinka58.84@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4995-8706
SPIN-code: 1986-5266
Scopus Author ID: 57215007066
ResearcherId: HLH-1202-2023

Cand. Sci. (Tech.), Associate Professor of the Mathematics, Physics and Information Technology Department

Russian Federation, 29 K. Marxa street, 428034 Cheboksary

Sergey S. Alatyrev

Chuvash State Agrarian University

Email: S_Alatyrev1955@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4694-2381
SPIN-code: 7789-5968
Scopus Author ID: 57205286141
ResearcherId: V-4569-2017

Dr. Sci. (Tech.), Professor of the Transport and Technological Machines and Complexes Department

Russian Federation, 29 K. Marxa street, 428034 Cheboksary

Vadim S. Nikitin

Chuvash State Agrarian University

Author for correspondence.
Email: vadim-nikitin-97@inbox.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2733-1032
SPIN-code: 8878-4407

Postgraduate of the Transport and Technological Machines and Complexes Department

Russian Federation, 29 K. Marxa street, 428034 Cheboksary

References

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Layout diagram of the multiple-option cabbage harvester with an elevator: 1 — a cutting machine; 2 — a remedial table with a conveyor-cutter; 3 — the elevator.

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3. Fig. 2. Layout diagram of the multiple-option cabbage harvester with a low-located longitudinal conveyor: 1 — a cutting machine; 2 — a remedial table with a conveyor-cutter; 3 — the low-located longitudinal conveyor; 4 — a platform.

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4. Fig. 3. Layout diagram of the multiple-option cabbage harvester with an up-located longitudinal conveyor: 1 — a cutting machine; 2 — a remedial table with a conveyor-cutter; 3 — an elevator; 4 — the up-located longitudinal conveyor.

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5. Fig. 4. A variant of the cabbage harvester operation according to the scheme 1: a — general view; b — the installation scheme of the truck body at the beginning of cabbage heads loading.

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6. Fig. 5. A variant of the cabbage harvester operation according to the scheme 2: 1 — a cutting machine; 2 — a remedial table with a conveyor-cutter; 3 — workers inspecting the cabbage heads flow; 4 — a passive knife; 5 — an elevator; 6 — vegetable containers.

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7. Fig. 6. Machine harvesting of cabbage heads using vegetable containers according to the scheme 3: a — packing the first row of containers with cabbage heads; b — packing the second row of containers; c — preparing the vehicle for departure to a vegetable storage.

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8. Fig. 7. A variant of the cabbage harvester operation according to the scheme 4 (according to the patent No. 2554403 [15]).

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9. Fig. 8. A variant of the cabbage harvester operation according to the scheme 5: a — at packing containers of the left row; b — at packing containers of the right row.

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10. Fig. 9. A variant of the cabbage harvester operation according to the scheme 6.

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11. Fig. 10. A variant of the cabbage harvester operation according to the scheme 7.

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12. Fig. 11. A variant of the cabbage harvester operation according to the scheme 8 (according to the patent No. 2791685 [17]).

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