Experimental assessment of the temperature state of tractor diesel pistons

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Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The paper presents the operating conditions of tractor diesel engines that cause the appearance of thermal fatigue cracks on the edges of the piston combustion chamber. The presence of sharp edges of the combustion chamber in the pistons, which are stress concentrators, leads to an increase in the probability of their destruction and thereby limits the engine life of the diesel engine. The main reasons for the formation of cracks in the zone of the edge of the combustion chamber are indicated.

AIMS: The aim of this study is the assessment of the temperature state of pistons of the D-240 and the D-245 tractor diesel engines, produced by Minsk Motor Plant (MMP).

METHODS: Temperature gauging was carried out according to the method in order to identify the nature of changing of piston heads temperatures under stationary and nonstationary operation modes of diesel engines. Transfering of thermal electromotive force from thermocouples to measuring devices was carried out by means of an intermittent current collector. Imitaion of nonstationary operation modes was carried out by means of changing the cyclic feed of a high pressure fuel pump, using a reversible electric motor.

RESULTS: The data of the temperature state of pistons under various stationary and nonstationary operation modes of engines is provided. It is noted that the temperature state of the D-245 diesel pistons has a higher level of heat stress compared to the D-240 diesel pistons. The maximum amplitude of low-frequency temperature fluctuations at the edge of the combustion chamber and their radial differences along the piston bottom are determined, depending on the parameters of thermal loading cycles. It is noted that the most dangerous modes of diesel operation, in terms of the destruction of the edge of the combustion chamber, are sharply changing modes (eg.: the“loading – unloading” mode).

CONCLUSIONS: It is proposed to increase the fuel injection advance angle in the thermal loading cycle in order to conduct accelerated comparative tests of piston variants for thermal resistance. The developed thermal loading cycle, in which the total duration of the load increase is 180 s and the total duration of the load decrease is 90 s, can be recommended for accelerated motor tests of pistons for thermal cycling resistance. The obtained temperature measurement data is recommended to clarify boundary conditions of the first kind when calculating the piston using the FEM method.

About the authors

Vyacheslav P. Belov

Moscow Polytechnic University

Email: belovmami@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2031-669X
SPIN-code: 9146-3300

Cand. Sci. (Engin.), Professor of the Power Plants for Transport and Small Energy Department

Russian Federation, 38 Bolshaya Semyonovskaya str., Moscow, 107023

Dmitry V. Apelinskiy

Moscow Polytechnic University

Email: apelinskiy_mami@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2841-6895
SPIN-code: 2311-0480

Associate Professor, Cand. Sci. (Engin.), Associate Professor of the Power Plants for Transport and Small Energy Department

Russian Federation, 38 Bolshaya Semyonovskaya str., Moscow, 107023

Vadim N. Bezhenar

Moscow Polytechnic University

Author for correspondence.
Email: amadei.96@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3747-2530
SPIN-code: 1733-6826

Head of the Laboratory of the Power Plants for Transport and Small Energy Department

Russian Federation, 38 Bolshaya Semyonovskaya str., Moscow, 107023

References

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2. Fig. 1. Temperature change at the characteristic points of the D-240 diesel piston head depending on the load (1 ... 8 – thermocouples; Tr – exhaust gas temperature): a) n=1600 min-1; b) n=2200 min-1.

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3. Fig. 2. The nature of the temperature change in the piston head of the D-245 diesel engine depending on the load: a) n=1600 min-1; b) n=2200 min-1.

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4. Fig. 3. Parameters of diesel engine loading cycles on the engine test rig.

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5. Fig. 4. Temperature change in the piston head during cyclic thermal loading of the D-240 diesel engine at the engine test rig.

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6. Fig. 5. Change of the piston head temperature under cyclic loading of the D-240 diesel engine: – ; – .

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7. Fig. 6. Influence of the fuel injection advance angle on the rate of temperature change in the zone of the combustion chamber edge: a) during loading; b) during unloading.

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8. Fig. 7. Temperature change at the characteristic points of the piston head during the symmetrical cycle of thermal loading of diesel engine D-245: a) thermocouples 1, 2, 3, 4; b) thermocouples 1, 5, 6, 7, 8.

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9. Fig. 8. Influence of thermal cyclic loading modes of the D-245 diesel engine on the amplitude of temperature change at the characteristic points of the piston.

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