Использование биохимических особенностей сперматозоидов, несущих X- или Y-хромосому, для их разделения на клетки одного типа

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Аннотация

В обзоре собрана информация о биохимических особенностях сперматозоидов, несущих X- или Y-хромосому, которые позволяют получить фракцию спермы с определённой половой хромосомой. Практически единственная используемая на сегодняшний день технология такого разделения (сексирования) основана на сортировке сперматозоидов по содержанию ДНК методом проточной цитофлуориметрии. Помимо прикладных аспектов, эта технология дала возможность проводить анализ свойств изолированных популяций сперматозоидов, несущих X- или Y-хромосому. В последние годы появился ряд работ, доказавший существование различий между этими популяциями на уровне транскриптома и протеома. Примечательно, что эти различия связаны главным образом с энергетическим метаболизмом и структурными белками жгутика. На различиях в подвижности между сперматозоидами с разными половыми хромосомами основаны новые методы обогащения спермы клетками с X- или Y-хромосомой. Сегодня сексирование спермы является важной составной частью протокола искусственного осеменения коров с использованием криоконсервированного семени, позволяющего увеличить долю потомства нужного пола. Кроме того, успехи в разделении X- и Y-сперматозоидов могут позволить применять этот подход в медицине в тех случаях, когда необходимо избежать опасных заболеваний, сцепленных c полом.

Об авторах

Д. В Поздышев

НИИ физико-химической биологии имени А.Н. Белозерского, Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова

Email: denispoz@gmail.com
119992 Москва, Россия

Н. А Комбарова

Головной центр по воспроизводству сельскохозяйственных животных

Email: denispoz@gmail.com
142143 пос. Быково, Московская обл., Россия

В. И Муронец

НИИ физико-химической биологии имени А.Н. Белозерского, Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова;Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова, факультет биоинженерии и биоинформатики

Email: denispoz@gmail.com
119992 Москва, Россия;119234 Москва, Россия

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