The role of intimate hygiene in maintaining vaginal microbiocenosis in women of early reproductive age

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The optimal pH value of the vulva plays an important role in maintaining normal microflora and skin protective function. Deviations from normal pH values can lead to an imbalance of microorganisms and create favorable conditions for the reproduction of pathogenic flora and the development of inflammatory processes. Lactobacilli are key members of a healthy microbiota; however, the composition of the vaginal microbiota can vary significantly at different ages in a woman’s life.

The article presents a review of the Russian and foreign studies (according to the MedLine, PubMed, Scopus databases) conducted in recent years on the vaginal microbiocenosis in the early reproductive period and the factors affecting it. The study provides the data on the pathogenic role of lactic acid in the development of vaginal microbiocenosis disorders in patients of reproductive age. The review presents clinical examples of normocenosis and vaginal dysbiosis in female patients between the ages of 15 and 17, based on PCR analysis of the vaginal microflora. Intimate hygiene products containing lactic acid can be used for the prevention of disorders of vaginal microflora.

Conclusion: Vulvar pH is a dynamic parameter that is influenced by many factors. The insight into the pathogenic mechanisms affecting the vaginal microbiocenosis allows us to recommend intimate hygiene products aimed at preserving health and preventing disease development.

作者简介

Elena Khashchenko

Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Centre for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: khashchenko_elena@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3195-307X

PhD, Senior Researcher at the 2nd Gynecological Department (Gynecology of Pediatric and Adolescents)

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

Maria Alekseeva

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: alekseevamarydubai14@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9795-0587

Student of the Faculty of Fundamental Medicine

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

Irina Salnikova

Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Centre for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: i_salnikova@oparina4.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6997-643X

PhD, Researcher at the 2nd Gynecological Department (Gynecology of Pediatric and Adolescents)

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

Elena Uvarova

Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Centre for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)

Email: elena-uvarova@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3105-5640

Corresponding Member of the RAS, Dr. Med. Sci., Professor, Head of the 2nd Gynecological Department (Gynecology of Pediatric and Adolescents); Professor at the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, Perinatology and Reproductology

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow; Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. Example of vaginal microflora assessment by PCR (19 indicators) in patients of reproductive age. (A) Severe dysbiosis in an 18-year-old female patient (Tanner B5). The proportion of lactobacilli corresponds to marked dysbiosis for women of reproductive age. Lactobacilli Lg (O.OO) copies/sample (0.0%). Facultative-anaerobic microorganisms: Lg (6.10) copies/sample (88.7%). Obligate-anaerobic microorganisms: Lg (5.21) copies/sample (11.3%). B) moderate dysbiosis of a 16 year old female patient (Tanner B5). Lactobacilli Lg (5.50) copies/sample (75.5%). Facultative-anaerobic microorganisms: Lg (4.93) copies/sample (20.3%). Obligate-anaerobic microorganisms: Lg (4.24) copies/sample (4.2%). (B) State of normocenosis in a 17-year-old female patient (Tanner B5). Lactobacilli Lg (6.0) copies/sample (98.3%). Facultative-anaerobic microorganisms: Lg (2.64) copies/sample (<0.1 %). Obligate-anaerobic microorganisms: Lg (4.22) copies/sample (1.6%)

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3. Fig. 2. Dynamics of vaginal discomfort symptoms in abnormal vaginal microflora against the background of using the intimate hygiene product ‘Lactacid’ (https://lactacyd.ru/)

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4. Fig. 3. Schematic representation of the interrelated effects of intimate hygiene, pH environment and lactobacilli in the vaginal microbiota

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