Comprehensive diagnostics and management of inflammatory diseases of the lymph nodes of the maxillofacial area and neck in children

Objective. To study the etiology, clinical features and optimize the comprehensive diagnostics and management of inflammatory lymph node diseases in the maxillofacial area (MFA) and neck in children.

Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 614 pediatric patients with lymphadenitis of the MFA and neck hospitalized between 2020–2024 was performed. Diagnostics included clinical examination, ultrasonography, CT, and morphological verification. Treatment was differentiated based on the form and stage.

Results. Serous non-odontogenic lymphadenitis prevailed (65%). Main localizations: submandibular area (50%), lateral neck (20%). Leading etiological factors for non-odontogenic forms: ARVI (30%), ENT pathology (20%), skin infections (15%). Tuberculous lymphadenitis was verified in 4 cases, cat scratch disease in 2, infectious mononucleosis in 8. Purulent forms (25%) required surgical intervention.

Conclusion. Diagnostics requires a multidisciplinary approach with ultrasonography/CT and morphological verification. Treatment should focus on primary infection source elimination. Serous forms are managed conservatively; purulent forms require emergency drainage.