卷 36, 编号 2 (2025)

Somatic symptoms of anxiety and depressive disorders are often encountered in patients presenting to primary care and general outpatient practices. The difficulty of diagnosing such conditions, the inconsistency of their severity with the diagnostic criteria of depressive or anxiety disorders requiring specialized psychiatric care, affect the quality of qualified medical care, increase health care costs, contribute to the chronicization of diseases, deterioration of quality of life and social functioning. An important problem is the safety and effectiveness of therapy of such conditions, preservation of trust in the doctor and the therapeutic process as a whole. The conducted study confirmed the clinical indications for Selank regulatory peptide and its efficacy in the therapy of not only anxiety states, unmotivated anxiety, mood instability, but also somatic manifestations of anxiety and depression, including asthenic, algic (back pain, stomach pain, headache, chest pain) symptom complexes, palpitations, nausea, feeling of weakness, fatigue, sleep disorders and recovery from psychoemotional stress.

The article provides information on modified and unmodified risk factors for obesity and overweight in children and adolescents in order to develop recommendations aimed at amenable risk factors to prevent the development of the disease in children or its correction at the initial stages. We searched the PubMed and Embase databases for the last 10 years.

The article discusses the actual current methods of research in the diagnosis of osteomyelitis. The branch of nuclear medicine is a new approach in diagnostics of diseases. A wide range of radiopharmaceuticals provides an opportunity to quickly and accurately determine the localization of the inflammatory focus, making nuclear imaging methods preferable for early diagnosis of pathophysiological reactions. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the diagnosis of osteomyelitis is the most modern method of investigation. CBCT can be used to obtain important information about the state of bone tissue, including assessment of the shape and contours of the bone, the presence and position of fragments, the presence of violation of bone integrity, and detection of possible pathological processes in bone tissue, such as destruction, osteoporosis, and osteosclerosis. Radiography, computed and magnetic resonance tomography and nuclear medicine diagnostics, allow to successfully detect and differentiate osteomyelitis at all stages of development of this nosology. The use of the latest diagnostic methods, such as CBCT allows the doctor to establish an accurate diagnosis, determine the stage and area of the lesion, which in turn contributes to the choice of the most effective treatment tactics and increases the patient's chances of full recovery.

The task of statistical data processing and presentation is not difficult for specialists in the field of statistics, but it can require quite a lot of time and effort from novice specialists. The article presents a database transformation involving transposition of rows and columns followed by data visualization using the R programming language.

New coronavirus infection (NCI) has had a significant impact on the healthcare system and has also become a trigger for the development of some immune-related diseases. Currently, patients with NCI are admitted to the on-call pulmonologist, who finds it important to differentiate the etiology of the disease.

The article considers a clinical case of a patient with NCI with a complication in the form of bacterial pneumonia, against the background of which a relapse of tuberculosis developed.

The article discusses the preliminary results of using a new variant of nasogastric tube placement in patients with impaired consciousness and swallowing disorders (11 such placements have been performed). The proposed variant of insertion is designed to increase the safety of this procedure in the group of somatically and neurologically severe patients. Endoscopic control of overcoming the spasmed upper esophageal sphincter (UES) by nasogastric tube is included as one of the installation stages. This allows not only to make sure that the esophageal intubation was successful, but also to remove the metal guide from the internal space of the probe immediately after the probe overcomes the UPI. Preliminary results have shown that the method is justified in the considered clinical situations, when clinical signs of esophageal intubation (or unplanned tracheal intubation) are not obvious.

Nail diseases caused by various species of fungi are frequently encountered in daily practice. Onychomycosis is accompanied by a number of unpleasant symptoms and is manifested by hyperkeratosis, onycholysis and other clinical signs. With age, trauma or certain somatic diseases, the natural barrier of the nail plate may be compromised, which allows the infection to develop.

In patients with psoriasis, especially those with psoriatic nail lesions and psoriatic arthritis, the incidence of onychomycosis reaches 60%. At the same time in this group of patients there are often such somatic diseases as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and liver pathologies, which limit the choice of drugs for therapy of mycotic infections. In such cases, it is possible to prescribe topical agents with keratolytic properties and containing antimycotic agents other than azoles. With the use of these drugs, the disappearance of symptoms of mycotic infection is observed in 1-2 months. However, the drugs should be used until full regrowth of the nail plate, which usually takes 4-8 months, depending on the age of the patient.

Despite the existing difficulties in the therapy of onychomycosis in patients with psoriasis and other chronic diseases, the pharmaceutical market offers highly effective agents indicated for use in this group of patients.

Foreign body in the breast of an iatrogenic nature is an extremely rare observation diagnosed after surgical treatment of breast formations, while often simulating a benign or malignant neoplasm. For the final diagnosis, surgical treatment with histological examination of the removed drug is used.

The observation presented in the article is interesting because during a biopsy of a nodular formation in the mammary gland, the presence of an iatrogenic foreign body was suspected, taking into account the anamnesis data, it is known that 5 years ago the patient underwent sectoral resection of both breasts for fibroadenomas. The diagnosis was confirmed by the morphological conclusion of the removed drug.

Any breast formation must be confirmed by morphological examination, followed by a decision on the need for surgical intervention or dynamic observation.

Objective. Aeropalinological monitoring of the Poaceae family in Krasnodar in the dynamics of 6 years (2018–2023).

Materials and methods. Aeropalinological research was carried out using a volumetric pollen collector during the main pollution period of the Poaceae family (april-october 2018–2023). 918 fixed micropreparations were manufactured and analyzed.

Results. It was revealed that the main pollution period of the Poaceae family in 2023 was only 67 days, and in 2021 it is the longest – 149 days, the average pollution period for the studied period is 115 days. The maximum total seasonal concentration of pollen of the Poaceae family was recorded in 2019 (2,427 pollen grains per cubic meter), the minimum in 2020 (400 pollen grains per cubic meter). The intensity of the peak pollution of the Poaceae family occurred at the end of May – beginning of June. When compared with the data on the pollution of the Poaceae family in Moscow and Perm, certain differences are observed, which is primarily due to the climatic and geographical features of the territories.

Conclusions. Conducting aeropalinological studies in different regions of the country allows you to get the most comprehensive picture of the allergenic situation of the Russian Federation as a whole, which is important for environmental, agricultural and medical orientation.

Objective. To analyze the frequency of metabolic syndrome (MS) in indigenous peoples (khanty) living in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Yugra (KhMAO–Yugra).

Materials and Methods. In the case-control study included indigenous people (khanty) aged 18 to 44 years living in the territory of the KhMAO–Yugra. Clinical groups are represented by indigenous men and women (khanty) with MS living in the village. All participants underwent anthropometric and laboratory examination.

Results. The frequency of MS in indigenous people was 38.2%. Among women MS occurred in 45.1%, which is 25.4% more often than among men (p<0.001). A statistically significant difference in the frequency of hyperglycemia (p=0.004) and hypercholesterolemia (p<0.001) was found in women. 38.5% of khanty people of both sexes with MS had a combination of abdominal obesity with hypertriglyceridemia, low-density lipoprotein hypercholesterolemia, while in men with MS this combination was 22.9% more common than in women with MS.

Conclusion. A high prevalence of MS was observed among indigenous young residents living in the KhMAO–Yugra, mainly in women. The combination of abdominal obesity and dyslipidemia is characteristic of indigenous people. In khanty women, the most common lipid metabolism disorders are high-density lipoprotein hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. Men are characterized by the development of low-density lipoprotein hypercholesterolemia.

Objective. To study somatic features of pediatric patients with slipped upper femoral epiphysis (SUFE).

Material and methods. An applied, interdisciplinary, exploratory, retrospective study was conducted in which the case histories of 21 children with ICD-10 diagnosis M93 «Slipped upper femoral epiphysis» were studied.

Results. It was shown that in the group of pubertal children (14–17 years old), SUFE was significantly more frequent (p<0.05) than in the group of school-aged children (7–13 years old). Among patients with SUFE, overweight was observed in 95.2% of cases, including obesity in 33.3%. Overweight was detected in 92.3% of male patients and obesity in 46.15%. 87.5% of female patients were overweight and 12.5% were obese.

Conclusion. Thus, excessive body weight is a risk factor for the development of SUFE in pediatric patients.