BRIEF REVIEW OF THE RESULTS OF USING ELECTRODEPOSITED SILICON IN ENERGY CONVERSION AND STORAGE DEVICES

A. V. Suzdaltsev; Суздальцев А. В.; T. A. Gevel; Гевел Т. А.; Yu. A. Parasotchenko; Парасотченко Ю. А.; O. B. Pavlenko; Павленко О. Б.

doi:10.31857/S0235010623010127

BRIEF REVIEW OF THE RESULTS OF USING ELECTRODEPOSITED SILICON IN ENERGY CONVERSION AND STORAGE DEVICES

Authors: Suzdaltsev A.V.¹, Gevel T.A.¹, Parasotchenko Y.A.¹, Pavlenko O.B.¹
Affiliations:
1. Ural Federal University
Issue: No 1 (2023)
Pages: 99-108
Section: Articles
URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/0235-0106/article/view/138538
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31857/S0235010623010127
EDN: https://elibrary.ru/DGGZCD
ID: 138538

Cite item

Full Text

Open Access
Restricted Access

Access granted
Restricted Access

Subscription Access

Abstract
About the authors
References
Supplementary files
Statistics

Abstract

Due to its abundance in nature as well as its properties, silicon is one of the most demanded materials in various industry areas. Currently, metallurgical silicon is obtained by carbothermic reduction of quartz. In order to obtain solar grade silicon, the last should be treated by hydrochlorination and multiple chlorination. This brief review presents an analysis of alternative methods for obtaining silicon by electrolysis of molten salts. The factors that determine the choice of the composition of molten salts, typical silicon deposits obtained by electrolysis of molten salts are shown. An assessment of the results and prospects for further use of electrodeposited silicon in lithium-ion power sources and representative test results on the use of electrolytic silicon for solar energy conversion devices were presented. The problems that need to be solved for the practical implementation of methods for the electrolytic production of silicon samples suitable for new devices and materials for energy conversion and storage are noted.

Keywords

silicon, electrodeposition, thin solid films, fibers, molten salts, lithium-ion power sources, photoconverters

References

Belyakova R.M., Kurbanova E.D., Sidorov N.I., Polukhin V.A. Membrany na osnove Nb–Ni i V–Ni dlya polucheniya sverkhchistogo vodoroda [Membranes based on Nb–Ni and V-Ni for production of super-pure hydrogen] // Rasplavy. 2022. № 2. Р. 124–140. [In Russian].
Morachevskij A.G., Popovich A.A., Demidov A.I. Primeneniye litiya, yego splavov i soyedineniy v khimicheskikh istochnikakh toka [Application of lithium, its alloys and compounds for electrochemical power sources] (dedicated to the 25th anniversary of starting the production of lithium-ion cells) // Global Energy. 2016. № 1. Р. 65–79. [In Russian].
Chemezov O.V., Isakov A.V., Apisarov A.P., Brezhestovsky M.S., Bushkova O.V., Batalov N.N., Zaikov Yu.P., Shashkin A.P. [Elektroliticheskoye polucheniye nanovolokon kremniya iz rasplava KCl–KF–K2SiF6–SiO2 dlya kompozitsionnykh anodov litiy-ionnykh akkumulyatorov] Electrolytic production of silicon nanofibers from the KCl–KF–K2SiF6–SiO2 melt for composite anodes of lithium-ion batteries // Electrochim. energetica 2013. 13. № 4. Р. 201–204. [In Russian].
Kulova T.L. Novyye elektrodnyye materialy dlya litiy-ionnykh akkumulyatorov [New electrode materials for lithium–ion batteries] // Elektrokhimiya. 2013. 49. Р. 1–25. [In Russian].
Anfimov I.M., Kobeleva S.P., Malinkovich M.D., Shchemerov I.V., Toporova O.V., Parkhomenko Yu.N. Mechanisms of electroconductivity in silicon–carbon nanocomposites with nanosized tungsten inclusions within a temperature range of 20–200°C // Rus. Microelectronics. 2013. 42. Р. 488–491.
Marshuk L.A., Zhuchkov V.I., Shunyaev K.Yu., Lisin V.L., Maltsev Yu.B. Termodinamicheskoye modelirovaniye protsessa vyplavki splava Fe–Si–Al [Thermodynamic modeling of the Fe–Si–Al alloy smelting process] // Rasplavy. 2003. № 6. Р. 63–68. [In Russian].
Malyshev V.V., Kushkhov H.B., Shapoval V.I. High-temperature electrochemical synthesis of carbides, silicides and borides of VI-group metals in ionic melts // J. Appl. Electrochem. 2002. 32. № 5. Р. 573–579.
Kuznetsova S.V., Kuznetsov S.A. Electrochemical synthesis of hafnium silicides // Rus. J. Electrochem. 2009. 45. № 7. Р. 749–755.
Medjahed S., Kheloufi A., Bobocioiu E., Kefaifi A., Kerkar F., Lebbou Kh. Quartz ore beneficiation by reverse flotation for silicon production // Silicon. 2022. 14. Р. 87–97.
Kaibichev A.V., Kaibichev I.A. Osobennosti ochistki tekhnicheskogo kremniya pri plavke v gelii s vozdeystviyem na rasplav elektricheskogo polya na molibdenovom i grafitovom elektrod [Features of technical silicon cleaning in melting in helium with impact on electric field melt on molybdenum and graphite electrode] // Rasplavy. 2019. № 3. Р. 258–264. [In Russian].
Cohen U. Some prospective applications of silicon electrodeposition from molten fluorides to solar cell fabrication // J. Electron. Mater. 1977. 6. P. 607–643.
Rao G.M., Elwell D., Feigelson R.S. Electrodeposition of silicon onto graphite // J. Electrochem. Soc. 1981. 128. P.1708–1711.
Kuznetsova S.V., Dolmatov V.S. Kuznetsov S.A. Vol’tamperometricheskoye issledovaniye elektrovosstanovleniya kompleksov kremniya v khloridno-ftoridnom rasplave [Voltammetric study of electroreduction of silicon complexes in a chloride–fluoride melt] // Elektrokhimiya 2009. 45. P. 742–748. [In Russian].
Plugotarenko N.K., Myasoedova T.N., Grigoryev M.N., Mikhailova T.S. Electrochemical deposition of silicon-carbon films: A study on the nucleation and growth mechanism // Nanomaterials. 2019. 9. P. 1754.
Downes N., Cheek Q., Maldonado S. Electroreduction of perchlorinated silanes for Si electrodeposition // J. Electrochem. Soc. 2021. 168. 022503.
Chen X., Gerasopoulos K., Guo J., Brown A., Wang Ch., Ghodssi R., Culver J.N. A patterned 3D silicon anode fabricated by electrodeposition on a virus-structured current collector // Adv. Funct. Mater. 2011. 21. Р. 380–387.
Vasilév Yu.B., Verezub N.A., Mezhennyi M.V., Prosolovich V.S., Prostomolotov A.I., Reznik V.Ya. Features of defect formation under the thermal treatment of dislocation–free single–crystal large–diameter silicon wafers with the specified distribution of oxygen–containing gettering centers in the bulk // Rus. Microelectronics. 2013. 42. Р. 467–476.
Zou X., Ji L., Ge J., Sadoway D.R., Yu E.T., Bard A.J. Electrodeposition of crystalline silicon films from silicon dioxide for low-cost photovoltaic applications // Nature Comm. 2019. 10. 5772.
Dong Y., Slade T., Stolt M.J., Li L., Girard S.N., Mai L., Jin S. Low-temperature molten-salt production of silicon nanowires by the electrochemical reduction of CaSiO3 // Angew. Chem. 2017. 129. Р. 14645–14649.
Zou X., Ji L., Yang X., Lim T., Yu E.T., Bard A.J. Electrochemical formation of a p-n junction on thin film silicon deposited in molten salt // J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 2017. 139. Р. 16060–16063.
Yasuda K., Kato T., Norikawa Yu., Nohira T. Silicon electrodeposition in a water-soluble KF–KCl molten salt: Properties of Si films on graphite substrates // J. Electrochem. Soc. 2021. 168. 112502.
Zaikov Yu.P., Zhuk S.I., Isakov A.V., Grishenkova O.V., Isaev V.A. Elektroosazhdeniye kremniya iz rasplava KF–KCl–KI–K2SiF6 [Silicon electrodeposition from the KF–KCl–KI–K2SiF6 melt] // Rasplavy. 2016. № 5. Р. 441–454. [In Russian].
Chemezov O.V., Vinogradov-Zhabrov O.N., Apisarov A.P., Isakov A.V., Plaksin S.V., Povolotsky I.M., Murzakaev A.M., Malkov V.B., Zaikov Yu.P. Struktura nano- i mikrokristallicheskikh osadkov kremniya poluchennykh elektroliticheskim rafinirovaniyem Si v rasplave KCl–SsCl–KF–K2SiF6 [Structure of nano- and microcrystalline silicon deposits obtained by electrorefining of Si in a KCl–CsCl–KF–K2SiF6 melt] // Perspektivnye materialy. 2010. P. 278–283. [In Russian].
Gevel T., Zhuk S., Leonova N., Leonova A., Trofimov A., Suzdaltsev A., Zaikov Yu. Electrochemical synthesis of nano-sized silicon from KCl–K2SiF6 melts for powerful lithium-ion batteries // Applied Sciences. 2021. 11. 10927.
Gevel T.A., Zhuk S.I., Leonova N.M., Leonova A.M., Suzdaltsev A.V., Zaikov Yu.P. Electrodeposition of silicon from the KCl–CsCl–K2SiF6 melt // Rus. Met. (Metally) 2022. № 8). 958–964.
Pavlenko O.B., Ustinova Yu.A., Zhuk S.I., Suzdaltsev A.V., Zaikov Yu.P. Silicon electrodeposition from low-melting LiCl–KCl–CsCl melts // Rus. Met. (Metally). 2022. № 8. Р. 818–824.
Nikolaev A.Yu., Mullabaev A.R., Suzdaltsev A.V., Kovrov V.A., Kholkina A.S., Shishkin V.Yu., Zaikov Yu.P. Purification of alkali-metal chlorides by zone recrystallization for the use in pyrochemical processing of spent nuclear fuel // Atomic Energy. 2022. 131. № 4. Р. 195–201.
Laptev M.V., Isakov A.V., Grishenkova O.V., Vorob’ev A.S., Khudorozhkova A.O., Akashev L.A., Zaikov Y.P. Electrodeposition of thin silicon films from the KF–KCl–KI–K2SiF6 melt // J. Electrochem. Soc. 2020. 167. 042506.
Abdurakhimova R.K., Laptev M.V., Leonova N.M., Leonova A.M., Schmygalev A.S., Suzdaltsev A.V. Electroreduction of silicon from the NaI–KI–K2SiF6 melt for lithium-ion power sources // Chimica Techno Acta. 2022. 9. № 4. 20229424.
Islam M.M., Said H., Hamzaoui A.H., Mnif A., Sakurai T., Fukata N., Akimoto K. Study of structural and optical properties of electrodeposited silicon films on graphite substrates // Nanomaterials 2022. 12. Р. 363.
Peng J., Yin H., Zhao J., Yang X., Bard A.J., Sadoway D.R. Liquid-tin-assisted molten salt electrodeposition of photoresponsive n-type silicon films // Adv. Funct. Mater. 2018. 28. 1703551.
Wang F., Li P., Li W., Wang D. Electrochemical synthesis of multidimensional nanostructured silicon as a negative electrode material for lithium-ion battery // ACS Nano. 2022. 16. Р. 7689–7700.
Leonova A.M., Bashirov O.A., Leonova N.M., Lebedev A.S., Trofimov A.A., Suzdaltsev A.V. Synthesis of C/SiC mixtures for composite anodes of lithium-ion power sources // Applied Sciences. 2023. 13. Р. 901.