№ 11 (2025)

The article analyzes the Strategy for the Development of the Pharmaceutical Industry of the Russian Federation until 2030 in the context of continuity with the previous strategy (until 2020) and new sanctions realities after 2022. The seriousness of such a challenge to the provision of medicines to Russian citizens as a possible failure to supply the latest innovative drugs to our country is substantiated. The reason for the possible failure is the termination of clinical trials of new drugs in Russia by the world’s largest pharmaceutical manufacturers. The author argues that even the basic version of the Strategy, judging by its target indicators, is not sufficiently focused on the dynamic development of the domestic pharmaceutical industry. Rather, we can talk about stagnation of the industry, and not about its development. Nevertheless, as shown in the article, the pharmaceutical industry of Russia has a chance to avoid stagnation thanks to investments.

The paper systematizes the concepts of technological and institutional directions of reforming the immigration model of modern Russia, which are defined by two main trends in its development. The first is the expansion of cheap labor, and the second is the transformation of labor migration into social (civil) migration that is no longer related to labor. In the sectoral aspect, the author provides an analysis of the current state of the technical and technological base, the improvement of which (robotization of logistics and trade, unmanned vehicles, metal structures and modules in construction) will allow for the replacement of expensive human resources from among national personnel and radically reduce the need for cheap labor from migrants from poor countries in the CIS. The transition from a liberal immigration model to a strict one must be ensured by new institutions (transition to short-term labor relations, a ban on family migration, and selective partial naturalization of new citizens).

The author evaluates the factors influencing household spending on medicines. The determinants of the probability of incurring expenses are estimated using a logit model. Separately, regional models with fixed effects are also built to identify factors influencing the amount of expenses. As a result, the significant factors are revealed, such as multimorbidity, smoking, the presence of children and pensioners, residence in a rural area or in an urban-type settlement, higher education, the size of the household, and some factors of professional activity. Some existing measures are considered, and measures to reduce the financial burden on the population are proposed.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the prospects for the introduction of new digital technologies in the financial sector in order to improve the efficiency of the banking sector in Tajikistan. The focus of the study is on the work of the Tajik Alif Bank in order to identify the features of the ongoing digital transformation processes, possible advantages and risks. Its competitiveness within the national banking system is analyzed. The principles of Alif Bank’s work to attract the target audience using digital products are studied. The services of Alif Holding and its prospects in the development of Islamic fintech in the CIS countries are considered. An analysis of the features of its entry into the CIS banking market and the introduction of Islamic banking is carried out. Based on the collected data, the article attempts to show the features of the digitalization of banks in Tajikistan and highlight the possible advantages and risks.