Relation of Changes in CO2 Concentration over Large Water Areas of the Boreal and Subarctic Zones of the Northern Hemisphere with Their Phenological Phases Determined from SMOS Satellite Data

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Abstract

The paper presents the results of comparing the atmospheric carbon dioxide reanalysis data and phenological phases of large freshwater areas located in the boreal and subarctic zone for 2012–2020. The data from the CAMS global greenhouse gas reanalysis, which are three-dimensional fields of aerosols and chemical constituents in the atmosphere, with full coverage of the globe, were used in this work. The data used in this study were the average CO2 content in the air column over the water areas. The phenological phases of freshwater bodies (water surface, ice cover, ice destruction) were determined using data from the MIRAS microwave radiometer of the SMOS satellite. The comparison and analysis showed that the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere over the studied water areas has a seasonal cyclic character. The minimum concentration corresponds to the summer period due to strong photosynthesis in water areas, as a result of which carbon dioxide is absorbed in the water column. The maximum concentration of CO2 over water areas corresponds to the period of destruction of the ice cover, leading to the release of carbon dioxide accumulated during the winter period, which is “sealed” in the ice and in the water column under the ice. In freezing lakes located in the boreal zone, in addition to the stable spring CO2 maximum, a strong short-term release of carbon dioxide is sometimes observed, also corresponding to the stage of ice cover destruction. This emission is explained by the higher bioproductivity of water bodies in the boreal zone compared to water areas in the subarctic zone.

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About the authors

V. V. Tikhonov

Space Research Institute RAS; Institute for Water and Environmental Problems SB RAS

Author for correspondence.
Email: vtikhonov@asp.iki.rssi.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow; Barnaul

E. V. Pashinov

Space Research Institute RAS

Email: vtikhonov@asp.iki.rssi.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

D. M. Ermakov

Space Research Institute RAS; Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics RAS

Email: vtikhonov@asp.iki.rssi.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow; Fryazino

I. V. Khvostov

Institute for Water and Environmental Problems SB RAS

Email: vtikhonov@asp.iki.rssi.ru
Russian Federation, Barnaul

A. N. Romanov

Institute for Water and Environmental Problems SB RAS

Email: vtikhonov@asp.iki.rssi.ru
Russian Federation, Barnaul

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. The cycle of organic carbon in the lakes of the Subarctic and boreal zones (https://www.arcticcirc.net/researchinterests/ gudasz-lake-carbon-cycles). Terrestrial – terrestrial; Algae pelagic – pelagic algae (plants or animals living in the thickness or on the surface of water); Algae benthic – benthic algae (a set of organisms living on the ground and in the soil of the bottom of reservoirs); Microbial decomposition – microbial decomposition; Sedimentation – deposition; Burial – burial.

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3. Fig. 2. The studied water areas: a – lake. Baikal; b – Ladoga Lake; c – Ob Bay; g – lake. Huron; d – Big Non- free Lake; e – Big Bear Lake. The green color indicates the area corresponding to the L1C SMOS cell.

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4. Fig. 3. Seasonal variations in brightness temperature and their corresponding phenological phases for a large The Slave Lake. (northwest Canada).

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5. Fig. 4. Seasonal dynamics of brightness temperature and CO2 concentration for the studied water areas: a – lake. Bai- kal; b – Ladoga Lake; c – Ob Bay; g – lake. Huron; d – Big Slave Lake; e – Big Bear Lake.

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6. Fig. 5. Seasonal dynamics of brightness temperature and CO2 concentration over a three–year period: a - for the lake. Baikal (boreal zone); b – for lake. Bolshoe Medvezhye (subarctic zone).

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7. Fig. 6. Seasonal dynamics of brightness temperature and CO2 concentration for two test sites with different terrain: a - forest; b – swamp.

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