The April 11, 2023 Catastrophic Explosive Eruption of Sheveluch Volcano (Kamchatka)

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Abstract

The paper presents the data on the April 11, 2023 Sheveluch Volcano eruption. We conducted post-eruption impact assessment. The directed blast resulted in the collapse of the lava dome which had been forming for more than 42 years. The data obtained just before the eruption evidence that the total volume of the lava dome comprised about 0.53 km3. The volcanic explosion resulted in the formation of the field of pyroclastic deposits ~70 km2 in size and 0.49 km3 in volume. The directed blast was accompanied by the 25–30 km long pyroclastic flows and the ashfall more than 200 km away from the volcano. The weight of the ash deposits samples was ranging from 1.2 to 43.9 kg/m2, depending on the distance from the volcano. The area of ash deposits (ash samples of more than 50 g/m2 in weight) covered the area of 17000 m2 and comprised the volume of 0.09 km3. Taking into account the total volume of erupted products (0.6 km3), the April 11, 2023 Sheveluch Volcano eruption can be referred to the largest catastrophic eruption of this century.

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About the authors

N. A. Zharinov

Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: nzhar@kscnet.ru
Russian Federation, bulvar Piipa, 9, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, 683006

Yu. V. Demyanchuk

Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: nzhar@kscnet.ru
Russian Federation, bulvar Piipa, 9, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, 683006

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Shiveluch volcano before the catastrophic eruption on April 11, 2023. Photo by Yu.V. Demyanchuk.

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3. Fig. 2. Daily characteristics of seismic and volcanic activity in 2021–2023. a – changes in the heights of steam-gas and ash emissions (filled lines); b – number of type I volcanic earthquakes; c – number of type II–III volcanic earthquakes; d – number of type IV earthquakes. The earthquake type is given according to the classification of P.I. Tokarev (1965). The characteristics of seismic activity are given according to the data of the KB FRC EGS RAS.

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4. Fig. 3. Profiles of the lava dome before the eruption (a) and after the eruption (b) of the Shiveluch volcano on April 11, 2023.

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5. Fig. 4. Logging camp 18 km from the volcano, buried by pyroclastic flow deposits.

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6. Fig. 5. Scheme of deposits of products of a directed explosion during the catastrophic eruption of the Shiveluch volcano on April 11, 2023.

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7. Fig. 6. Graph of ash deposits decrease during the catastrophic eruption of Shiveluch volcano on 11.04.2023. a – observed dependence of ash deposit thickness decrease; b – exponential.

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8. Fig. 7. Scheme of ash deposits distribution and ash sampling locations during the eruption of Shiveluch volcano on 11.04.2023. 1 – active volcanoes; 2 – extinct volcanoes; 3 – contours; 4 – ash sampling points (numbers indicate ash sample mass in kg/m2); 5 – ash plume boundary; 6 – river names.

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9. Fig. 8. The village of Klyuchi after the eruption on April 11, 2023. View from the east. Photo by Yu.V. Demyanchuk.

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