Vol 24, No 4 (2018)

We discuss the opportunity that the singularity inside a Schwarzschild black hole could be replaced by a regular bounce, described as a regular minimum of the spherical radius (instead of zero) and a regular maximum of the longitudinal scale (instead of infinity) in the corresponding Kantowski-Sachs metric. Such a metric in a vicinity of the bounce is shown to be a solution to the Einstein equations with the stress-energy tensor representing vacuum polarization of quantum matter fields, described by a combination of curvature-quadratic terms in the effective action. The indefinite parameters of the model can be chosen in such a way that it remains a few orders of magnitude apart from the Planck scale (say, on the GUT scale), that is, in a semiclassical regime.

We present a simplified model of voids in the Universe. Using this model, we investigate the effect of inhomogeneities on light propagation. We calculate the corresponding Hubble diagrams and compare them to those expected in different cosmological models. We find that voids in a universe containing only nonrelativistic matter can mimic accelerating expansion as far as Hubble diagrams are concerned.

A new approach to obtaining open universemodels as exact solutions of gravitational equations is considered. The proposed method is based on an analogy between electrostatics of conductors and open cosmological models which have a conformally flat 4-metric in the Fock form. These cosmological models are solutions of the Einstein equations with the energy-momentum tensor of a Pascal perfect fluid. As a result, it is shown that the capacity of the multidimensional “ball” electric capacitor in multidimensional Euclidean auxiliary space is connectedwith harmonic functions bywhich the potentials ofmultidimensional capacitors are described. In turn, the conformal factor of the metric describing an open universe model in the Fock representation is a power function of this potential for each dimensionality of the Euclidean space. In particular, for 3D auxiliary Euclidean space in 4D space-time, there is the Friedman solution for an open universe filled with incoherent dust (with flat metric at spatial infinity). Further, for 4D Euclidean space, we have an analog of the open cosmological model with the equation of state of an ultrarelativistic gas. Other cases are listed in a table. A table of matter states which generalizes this approach to multidimensional space-times is also constructed. Thus, the possibility of replacing the modeling problem in cosmology with the equivalent electrostatic problem of finding the capacity of capacitors is shown under specified boundary conditions. Exceptions from the general approach are also presented in the article.

Using an exact solution of the Einstein-Maxwell equations for a free electric field and dustlike matter, we study the internal structure of the wormhole-type space with two nonclosing static throats opening to two parallel vacuum spaces or to a single space. This geometry is considered as a particleantiparticle pair with two electric charges of opposite signs, ±e, and the rest mass m₀ (the total mass of the particle’s gravitational internal world) specified on the throats. These fundamental constants emerge while solving the Cauchy problem in the form of first integrals. Using the energy conservation law, we consider an irremovable rotation of the internal structure, and the projection of the corresponding angular momentum onto the rotation axis is identified with the z-projection of the charged particle’s spin. The Gaussian 2D curvature radius of the throat is identified with the particle’s radius; the z-projection of the magnetic moment and the gyromagnetic ratio have been found. The plausibility of this gravitational model is confirmed by the fact that the proton and electron spins, s = 1/2, turn out to be independent of the particle radius and of the relativistic mass of the rotating throat; also, there is a coincidence with great accuracy between the proton radius value calculated in this model, 0.8412 × 10⁻¹³ cm, and the one obtained in measurements of the Lamb shift in muonic hydrogen, 0.8409× 10⁻¹³ cm. The electron turns out to be also a structured particle, with a radius of 3.8617 × 10⁻¹¹ cm.

We suggest cosmological new scales in the Matter Era which reveal the cosmological mission of the Higgs boson. We argue that a fundamental measure of mass in the Matter Era is connected with the Higgs boson mass, which in turn determines fundamental measures of length and time. This new ansatz is able to develop an alternative theory of galaxies, black holes and stars in a broad range of masses, to explain the energetic activities of galaxies, and to illustrate their morphological varieties, to describe the observational data on the correlation between masses of the galactic components, and to demonstrate the prerequisites of the galactic rotation phenomenon.

The vertical component of the terrestrial electric field intensity has been proven to be spectrally localized at multiple frequencies of forty-three relativistic binary star systems. The used four time series contain multiannual observations of the terrestrial electric field intensity in the infralow frequency range. The used method is eigenoscopy developed by the present authors. The matrix of second sample moments is computed at finite time spans. The eigenvectors of the moment matrix and their amplitude spectra are computed and analyzed. A database of the discovered anomalous behavior has been built.