Энцефалопатия недоношенных детей как неочевидная причина когнитивных и поведенческих расстройств

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Аннотация

Данная статья посвящена относительно новому понятию в педиатрии, неонатологии и неврологии – энцефалопатии недоношенных детей (Encephalopathy of Prematurity – EoP). Рассмотрена динамика понимания самого термина “энцефалопатия”. Показано, что данное состояние возникает у недоношенных детей преимущественно в середине беременности и в своих истоках имеет нейровоспаление, нарушение созревания олигодендроцитов, гипомиелинизацию, снижение объема коры головного мозга. EoP представляет собой интимное поражение головного мозга недоношенного с вовлечением серого вещества, особенно интернейронов (аксонно-нейронная болезнь), некистозной лейкомаляцией (активация микроглии) с неспецифической манифестацией в неонатальном периоде и развитием когнитивных и поведенческих расстройств в раннем детстве. Представлены возможные механизмы раннего вмешательства, таргетной терапии EoP и ее последствий в более старшем возрасте.

Об авторах

А. Б. Пальчик

ФГБОУ ВО Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет
Минздрава РФ

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: xander57@mail.ru
Россия, Санкт-Петербург

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