Optical Apparatus of the Eye under Conditions of “Dry” Immersion

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The studies of the astronauts’ vision show that after space flight various changes can occur in the visual system: flattening of the eyeball, optic disc edema, hyperopic refractive shift, and others. The mechanisms of those changes are being actively studied. Among model experiments simulating aggressive factors of space flight, experiments on modeling microgravity in conditions of “dry” immersion seem to be one of the most promising in terms of studying eye changes. The aim: to evaluate the prospects of using “dry” immersion as a model for studying intraocular changes in space flight conditions. The paper presents data on the evaluation of the eye condition of the test subjects after being in the immersion bath for 5 days (10 subjects) and 21 days (6 subjects). Refraction and dynamic accommodation were evaluated in all subjects using an autorefkeratometer Righton Speedy-i k-model with dynamic accommodation assessment function. The refraction data showed a trend toward a positive refractive shift of 0.11 diopters on average for 5 days of immersion (confidence interval (–0.06)–(+0.28)) and 0.29 diopters for 21 days of immersion (c.i. (–0.28)–(+0.86)); no statistical significance of the differences was confirmed, which may be due to the small number of subjects and the limited power of the statistical criterion. However, the trend requires further investigation. A significant individual variation was shown in the results of accommodation assessment. Preliminary data suggest that “dry” immersion may be a promising model for studying the effects of reduced gravity on the human visual system. Further studies are needed.

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Sobre autores

M. Gracheva

Institute of Biomedical Problems of the RAS; Institute for Information Transmission Problems (Kharkevich Institute), RAS

Autor responsável pela correspondência
Email: mg.iitp@gmail.com
Rússia, Moscow; Moscow

O. Manko

Institute of Biomedical Problems of the RAS

Email: mg.iitp@gmail.com
Rússia, Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. Data on the assessment of refraction before and after immersion in two experiments: 5-day and 21-day “dry” immersion.

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3. Fig. 2. Data on the assessment of the dynamics of accommodation function in three testers from the group of 21-day immersion.

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4. Fig. 3. Data on the assessment of the dynamics of accommodation function in one test subject from the group of 21-day immersion before immersion, on the first day after removal from the immersion medium and on the fifth day after removal from the immersion medium. See Fig. 2 for the designations.

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